A Biomimetic Sweeping Microrobot for Active Therapy of Ulcerative Colitis.

Overproduction of pathogenic cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays crucial roles in the onset and perpetuation of ulcerative colitis (UC). Inspired by sweeping robots, a magnesium@polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer@polyethylenimine (Mg@PLGA@PEI) microswimmer capable of cleaning off deleterious disease triggers along its path of progress is designed. Mg@PLGA@PEI is successfully synthesized by adopting a core-shell structure with a small opening which allows for Mg-water reaction.

Introduction of oral methadone to high-risk patients with prolonged QT interval: A retrospective study.

Objective: Methadone may cause detrimental side effects such as corrected QT (QTc) prolongation. However, methadone may be desirable in patients with advanced cancer and those with heart disease who have intractable pain. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of initiating methadone for cancer pain in patients at high risk of methadone-induced QTc prolongation.

ERS Congress 2024: highlights from the Paediatrics Assembly.

https://bit.ly/40944lv.

Rhoifolin: A promising flavonoid with potent cytotoxic and anticancer properties: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential.

Rhoifolin is a flavonoid found in various plant species, especially within the Rutaceae family, and is considered a dietary component due to its presence in edible plants. Its bioactive properties, such as cytotoxic and anticancer activities, have gained significant attention. This review aims to highlight the general properties and diverse bioactivities of rhoifolin, with a particular focus on its cytotoxic and anticancer effects.

Association between polymorphism and proton pump inhibitors adverse drug reactions: a narrative review.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely prescribed medications for the management of acid-related disorders, due to their effectiveness and favorable pharmacokinetics. However, the occurrence and severity of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients using PPIs, particularly in relation to their association with polymorphisms, are of great concern. This association has largely been investigated through observational studies, which have shown conflicting or weak findings.

Deciphering the role of Wnt/β-catenin and miR-214 in knee osteoarthritis: molecular and clinical insights.

Introduction: Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) may be beneficial in fetching new therapeutics. Our study aims to investigate the implication of Wnt/ β-catenin pathway in development of KOA by detection of the downstream target genes and their crosstalk with miR-214 in patients with KOA and to correlate that with the clinical findings.

Methods: Sixty participants were involved in the study.

Enhancing antibiotic therapy through comprehensive pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic principles.

Antibiotic therapy relies on understanding both pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD), which respectively address drug absorption, distribution, and elimination, and the relationship between drug concentration and antimicrobial efficacy. This review synthesizes decades of research, drawing from studies, models, and clinical observations, to elucidate the temporal dynamics of antibiotic activity. We explore how these dynamics, including concentration-effect relationships and post antibiotic effects, inform the classification of antibiotics based on their PD profiles.

Targeting Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase in Oncology: Identification and Computational Validation of Novel Inhibitors for Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, and Neuroblastoma.

Background: Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) is implicated in several cancers, including anaplastic large cell lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and neuroblastoma. Targeted inhibition of ALK represents a promising therapeutic strategy.

Aims: This study aimed to identify and evaluate potential ALK inhibitors using virtual screening and computational analyses to determine their binding stability, affinity, and dynamic behavior, ultimately assessing their potential as therapeutic agents for ALK-driven cancers.

Prevalence and determinants of depression and its association with social support among cancer patients: implications for enhancing oncology care.

Background: Early detection of depression in cancer patients is essential for improving health outcomes. This study assessed the prevalence and determinants of depression among cancer patients and examined its association with social support.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Al Amal Cancer Center, Al-Thawra Hospital, Hodeida City, Yemen (January-March 2023).

Renal manifestations of brucellosis: a case report.

Background: Brucellosis is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases worldwide, posing a significant public health concern across both developed and developing nations. While musculoskeletal system involvement is the most common form of focal brucellosis, the genitourinary system represents the second most affected site. However, Brucella-related kidney involvement remains a rare manifestation of genitourinary brucellosis.

Evaluating the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in diminishing the duration and frequency of rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis: a preliminary randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial.

Background: Globally, gastroenteritis stands as a primary contributor to child mortality, annually taking the lives of 3 million children under the age of 5 years. Rotavirus, a major factor in viral diarrhea among children aged 6 months to 2 years, presents with severe symptoms such as watery diarrhea and vomiting. Although mortality rates have decreased due to supportive care and vaccines, promising alternatives like N-acetylcysteine (NAC) show potential benefits in laboratory studies, indicating a possible supplementary strategy for managing rotavirus infections by reducing the duration and antigen excretion in feces.

Oral FPR2/ALX modulators tune myeloid cell activity to ameliorate mucosal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease.

Current treatments of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) largely depend on anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive strategies with unacceptable efficacy and adverse events. Resolution or repair agents to treat IBD are not available but potential targets like formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2/ALX) may fill the gap. In this study we evaluated the therapeutic effects of two small molecule FPR2/ALX modulators (agonist Quin-C1 and antagonist Quin-C7) against IBD.

Predicting Kidney Outcomes in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: a Comprehensive Biomarker Analysis.

Background: Risk stratification tools for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) predict kidney outcomes on a group level but lack precision in individuals.

Methods: We assessed the value of adding 13 prognostic biomarkers to established risk factors (sex, age, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), systolic blood pressure, Mayo Imaging Class (MIC), and mutation type) for predicting disease progression. We included 596 patients from the DIPAK (Developing Intervention strategies to halt Progression of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease) cohorts with ≥2 eGFR measurements and ≥1 year follow-up.

Influence of psychosocial and health-seeking behaviour on the risk of falling among persons living with type 2 diabetes in the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (MELoR) cohort.

Background: Older persons with diabetes have an increased falls risk that could lead to serious complications including death.

Aim: To determine the influence of psychosocial factors and health-seeking behaviour on the risk of falling among individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This prospective study included community-dwelling adults aged ≥55 years selected through stratified random sampling from three neighbouring parliamentary constituencies.

Protective effects of pyridoxine, amlodipine, and their combination in a vasopressin-induced angina model in rats.

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) vitamins are of interest in preventative and protective strategies in cardiovascular disease. However, the safety and efficacy of vitamin B6 has been questioned. The aim of this study was to study the protective effect of pyridoxine, amlodipine, and their combination against vasopressin-induced angina model in rats.

Novel predictors of infection-related rehospitalization in older patients with heart failure in Japan.

Aim: Rehospitalization of patients with heart failure (HF) incurs high health care costs and increased mortality. Infection-related rehospitalizations in patients with HF occur frequently, and the risk increases with age. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with infection-related rehospitalizations in older patients with HF.

Influence of gut microbial metabolites on tumor immunotherapy: mechanisms and potential natural products.

In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has made significant breakthroughs in the treatment of malignant tumors. However, individual differences in efficacy have been observed in clinical practice. There is increasing evidence that gut microbial metabolites influence the efficacy of distal tumor immunotherapy via the gut-liver axis, the gut-brain axis and the gut-breast axis, a process that may involve modulating the expression of immune cells and cytokines in the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Melatonin Aids in Treating Mood and Sleep Problems Resulting from Hormonal Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Background: Hormone therapy is commonly used to treat breast cancer but can cause mood disorders and sleep disturbances, negatively impacting patients' well-being.

Objectives: This trial aimed to evaluate the effects of melatonin on sleep problems and mood changes in breast cancer patients undergoing hormone therapy.

Methods: The study was conducted at Omid Hospital in Isfahan, Iran, using a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled design.

Evaluation of Oral Nano-Silymarin Formulation Efficacy in the Prevention of Hand-Foot Syndrome and Neuropathy Induced by XELOX or m-FOLFOX6 Regimens in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Triple-Blinded, Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Folinic acid, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) and oxaliplatin and capecitabine (XELOX) are the most widely used chemotherapy regimens for treating metastatic colorectal carcinoma (CRC). These regimens are associated with various adverse reactions, including neuropathy and hand-foot syndrome (HFS). Silymarin, a flavonoid derived from , has a wide range of biological activities.

Arterialized Venous Free Flap for Hand Defect Reconstruction Due to Ischemic Steal Syndrome.

Ischemic steal syndrome (ISS) occurs in hemodialysis patients. Hence, it rarely becomes gangrene or disrupts hand function. We reported a patient with an ISS and radial atherosclerosis that presented with infected ulcer.

Low expression of CD39 on monocytes predicts poor survival in sepsis patients.

Background: Sepsis is a critical condition associated with high morbidity and mortality, emphasizing the need for reliable biomarkers for its diagnosis and prognosis. This study uses advanced immunological techniques to evaluate monocytic CD39 (mCD39) expression as a potential marker in sepsis.

Methods: This prospective observational cohort study included 206 participants from the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine between April 2022 and September 2023.

Comparative safety signals of dopamine agonists: psychiatric and cardiovascular risks derived from FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) data.

Background: Dopamine receptor agonists (DAs) are widely used as first-line therapeutic agents for Parkinson's disease. However, comparative clinical trials assessing their safety profiles are limited. This study aims to compare adverse event (AE) data across various DAs to inform personalized treatment strategies.

Impact of differentiated care service delivery systems on adherence among the HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in a Southeastern Nigerian State.

Aim: Globally, differentiated care has been adopted across human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment cascades as part of the strategies of increasing and sustaining retention in care. This study examined the impact of this new service delivery approach on adherence among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Imo state, Nigeria.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study carried at one tertiary and three secondary care hospitals selected across the state using a questionnaire.

Efficacy and safety of medroxyprogesterone acetate on noninvasive ventilation -treated exacerbated COPD patients: a double-blind randomized clinical trial.

Background: In acute exacerbation periods of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), patients may experience hypoxemia or hypercapnia. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and respiratory stimulant drugs are used to treat this condition. Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) can cross the blood-brain barrier and cause breathing stimulation and hyperventilation.