Impacts of Weather Anomalies and Climate on Plant Disease.

Predicting the effects of climate change on plant disease is critical for protecting ecosystems and food production. Here, we show how disease pressure responds to short-term weather, historical climate and weather anomalies by compiling a global database (4339 plant-disease populations) of disease prevalence in both agricultural and wild plant systems. We hypothesised that weather and climate would play a larger role in disease in wild versus agricultural plant populations, which the results supported.

Transcriptomic Landscape of Polypide Development in the Freshwater Bryozoan Cristatella mucedo: From Budding to Degeneration.

Colonial invertebrates consist of iterative semi-autonomous modules (usually termed zooids) whose lifespan is significantly shorter than that of the entire colony. Typically, module development begins with budding and ends with degeneration. Most studies on the developmental biology of colonial invertebrates have focused on blastogenesis, whereas the changes occurring throughout the entire zooidal life were examined only for a few tunicates.

Quercetin: An anthelmintic potential against zoonotic tapeworm (Rudolphi, 1819).

Quercetin, a vital flavonoid found in many medicinal plants, has shown anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, anti-aging, anti-tumour, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-protozoal activity. However, very little is known of its anthelmintic activity; there is no literature against tapeworm infection so far. The present study was performed to expose its cestocidal role by using the zoonotic tapeworm as a parasite model.

Breadth versus depth of knowledge: the need for new model trematode species.

The growth of knowledge and research practices in any discipline is characterised by a trade-off between depth and breadth: we can either invest efforts to learn a little about many things, or learn a lot about few things. In parasitology, breadth of knowledge corresponds to research on biodiversity and taxonomy: the discovery and description of an increasing number of new species. In contrast, depth of knowledge comes from focused research on a few model species, about which we accumulate much detailed information.

Three new species of the family Idyanthidae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from sublittoral zones around the Korean Peninsula.

There are few taxonomic studies of the harpacticoid family Idyanthidae Lang, 1944 in the Pacific Ocean. As a first report of the family in this region, one species of the monotypic genus Lang, 1948 and two species of the genus Sars, 1905 are described from sublittoral habitats around the Korean Peninsula. sp.

Acaricidal and insecticidal activities of entomopathogenic nematodes combined with rosemary essential oil and bacterium-synthesized silver nanoparticles against camel tick, and wax moth, .

An innovative approach to ticks and insect pests management is necessary to mitigate the challenges posed by the indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides, which can lead to resistance development and environmental pollution. Despite their great potential, biological control agents have significant manufacturing, application, and stability limitations. Currently, using phytochemicals, biosynthesized nanoparticles, and bioagents to get rid of arthropods might be a good alternative that would make farmers less worried about residues and resistance.

Slow-Release Pharmaceutical Implants in Ecotoxicology: Validating Functionality across Exposure Scenarios.

Pharmaceutical contaminants have spread in natural environments across the globe, endangering biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and public health. Research on the environmental impacts of pharmaceuticals is growing rapidly, although a majority of studies are still conducted under controlled laboratory conditions. As such, there is an urgent need to understand the impacts of pharmaceutical exposures on wildlife in complex, real-world scenarios.

The Role of Local and Upstream Colonisation in Determining Stream Periphyton Metacommunity Assemblages.

Stream periphyton is an ideal study system for explaining how dispersal shapes community patterns. Few studies have tried to investigate periphyton metacommunities at the reach scale, and studies comparing local versus upstream periphyton propagule sources are lacking. We aimed to address these knowledge gaps by disentangling environmental constraints and dispersal sources, including dispersal hypotheses related to periphyton functional guilds.

Efficacy of Clindamycin in Preventing Abortion and Vertical Transmission of (PRU Strain) Infection in Pregnant BALB/c Mice.

Background: transmission can occur during pregnancy if the mother contracts the infection for the first time. Treatment strategies include the use of antimicrobial medications and providing supportive care. Spiramycin is commonly used to treat toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and to hinder the disease's transmission.

Uncovering the Role of Indian Medicinal Botanicals in COVID-19 Prevention and Management: A Review.

Indian traditional medicine, based on Ayurveda and Siddha, has become one of the global searches for complementary approaches to conventional interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review presents the antiviral, immune-boosting, and anti-inflammatory properties of some medicinal key plants such as Tulsi (), Neem (), Ashwagandha (), Amla (), and Giloy (). Tulsi appears to inhibit viral replication, Neem increases immune cell synthesis, while Ashwagandha regulates inflammation and stress responses.

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1697-1780.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from accumulated snow sediment sample. , on leaf spots of . , on submerged decaying wood in sea water, on , as endophyte from healthy leaves of .

Genome-wide association study of genetic markers of coat color patterns in Sumatran native cattle.

Background And Aim: Coat color is a phenotypic trait that is affected by many functional genes. In addition, coat color is an important characteristic of breeds in livestock. This study aimed to determine functional genes for coat color patterns in Sumatran native cattle in Indonesia using a genome-wide association study method.

Experimental, Theoretical, and Studies of Potential CDC7 Kinase Inhibitors.

In this work, we present the synthesis, solid-state characterization, and studies of two pyrazole derivatives: 5-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde (I) and 5-(4-methylphenoxy)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde (II). The molecular crystal properties, in terms of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and other weak interactions, are analyzed using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The Hirshfeld surfaces computational method is used to quantify the intermolecular interactions, density functional theory for theoretical structural optimization, and its comparison with the experimental structure and studies using docking and molecular dynamics studies of I and II with CDC7-kinase.

Species-habitat networks reveal conservation implications that other community analyses do not detect.

Grassland restoration is an important conservation intervention supporting declining insect pollinators in threatened calcareous grassland landscapes. While the success of restoration is often quantified using simple measures of diversity or similarity to target communities, these measures do not capture all fundamental aspects of community reconstruction. Here, we develop species-habitat networks that aim to define habitat-level foraging dependencies of pollinators across restored grassland landscapes and compare their value to these more conventional measures of community restoration.

Monitoring CO as a plant signaling molecule under heavy metal stress using carbon nanodots.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is widely recognized as a significant environmental pollutant and is associated with numerous instances of accidental poisoning in humans. However, it also serves a pivotal role as a signaling molecule in plants, exhibiting functions analogous to those of other gaseous signaling molecules, including nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (HS). In plant physiology, CO is synthesized as an integral component of the defense mechanism against oxidative damage, particularly under abiotic stress conditions such as drought, salinity, and exposure to heavy metals.

The role of lncRNAs in the interplay of signaling pathways and epigenetic mechanisms in glioma.

Gliomas, highly aggressive tumors of the central nervous system, present overwhelming challenges due to their heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most malignant form, underscores this clinical urgency due to dismal prognosis despite aggressive treatment regimens. Recent advances in cancer research revealed signaling pathways and epigenetic mechanisms that intricately govern glioma progression, offering multifaceted targets for therapeutic intervention.

Molecular Mechanisms of Response to Different Sources of Oxidative Stress.

Oxidative stress is a biological principle affecting all life on Earth and is also an important factor in the pathogen-host relationship. The pathogenic free-living amoeba has several pathways to cope with reactive oxygen species and the damage that they cause. In this study, we aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the amoeba's response to different sources of oxidative stress.

Association of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genotypes and haplotypes with acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk.

Background: Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are key molecules used by natural killer (NK) cells to interact with target cells. These receptors exhibit extensive genotypic polymorphism which has been associated with varying outcomes in immune responses against diseases. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between genotypes and haplotypes with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Saudi patients.

Bromoxynil induced hepatic toxicity via dysregulating TLR4/MyD88, JAK1/STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways: A dose-dependent investigation.

Bromoxynil (BML) is a toxic herbicide that is reported to cause various organ toxicities. However, there is not a single investigation conducted to elucidate the adverse impacts of BML on hepatic tissues at different dose concentrations. Therefore, the current investigation was planned to assess the deleterious effects of BML on liver against different dose concentrations.

Relative contributions of climate and grazing to forage supply in the Yellow River source area.

Grassland ecosystems, critical for ecosystem services like forage supply, face threats from climate change and grazing pressure. This study investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics of forage supply and grazing intensity in the Yellow River Source Area (YRSA) from 2000 to 2020, focusing on the relative contributions of climate factors and grazing. Our result revealed that forage supply exhibited a southeast-to-northwest decline and increased slightly overall, with variability among grassland types.

Disruption of BMP and FGF signaling prior to blastema formation causes permanent bending and skeletal malformations in Poecilia latipinna tail fin.

Teleost fish, such as Poecilia latipinna, exhibit remarkable regenerative capabilities, making them excellent models for studying tissue regrowth. They regenerate body parts like the tail fin through epimorphic regeneration, involving wound healing, blastema formation (a pool of proliferative cells), and tissue differentiation. Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) and Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) signaling pathways play crucial roles in this process, but their specific functions during blastema formation remain unclear.

Fine-tuned programming of placenta trophoblast determines optimal maternal-fetal nutrient allocation.

Maternal health and fetal survival during pregnancy encapsulate a paradox of cooperation and competition. One particularly intriguing aspect of this paradox involves the optimal allocation of nutrients between the mother and fetus. Despite this, the precise mechanisms governing nutrient allocation remain elusive.

Seminatural habitats support both grapevine pests and their parasitoids in Mediterranean organic vineyards.

Seminatural habitats in agroecosystems support diverse communities of natural enemies and are expected to promote biological control in crop fields. However, complex landscapes may also support agricultural pests, with undesirable outcomes for crop production. Here, we monitored populations of leafhopper pests and their egg parasitoids in two habitats: vineyards and seminatural habitats.

Erratum to National Workshop on Alternatives to Higher Animals in Toxicology and Biomedical Science.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.14573/altex.2403151.