Primary Intramedullary Spinal High-Grade Glioma: A Case Series with Review of Literature.

Aashita  Primary intramedullary high-grade glioma (HGG) and glioblastoma of spinal cord are uncommon tumors of central nervous system. Treatment recommendations are based on current guidelines of intracranial HGG and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).  We retrospectively analyzed records of 9,686 patients who reported to our center over past 7 years.

Prospective Observational Comparative Study of Response and Toxicities in Early Glottic Cancer Using Telecobalt Versus 3D-CRT.

The study was performed with 50 patients, 24 patients in Arm A and 26 patients in Arm B. Arm A-Conventional Telecobalt RT 66 Gy/33 fraction in stage T1N0M0 and stage T2N0M0 and Arm B-3D-CRT 66 Gy/33 fraction in T1N0M0 and T2N0M0 used. At the end of RT, 6 weeks, 3 months acute and late toxicities were noted by RTOG/EORTC morbidity scoring criteria for skin reaction, dysphagia and laryngeal toxicity.

Deep Neck Space Infections: Current Trends and Intricacies of Management?

This study aims to describe the current epidemiological and etiological trends for deep neck space infections (DNIs) with an objective to understand the intricacies of their management. In this retrospective analytical study records of 52 patients with DNIs were reviewed. Patients having superficial abscess, peritonsillar abscess and abscess due to trauma/surgical procedure were excluded.

The Maxillary Swing: An Efficacious Approach to Surgical Management of Advanced Stage Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and outcome using the maxillary swing approach for the management of extensive nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. A retrospective case series analysis in a tertiary care centre revealed eighteen cases with extensive nasal angiofibroma operated using the maxillary swing approach between 2011 and 2017. All patients had tumour extension to the lateral most portions of the infratemporal fossa with complete occupation and destruction of the lateral wall of the sphenoid sinus causing abutment to the cavernous sinus and complete involvement of the pterygopalatine fossa and pterygoid base.

Access to Pterygopalatine and Infratemporal Fossa Region by Newer Maxillary Suprastracture Swing Technique: A Report of Two Cases.

Surgical access to pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossa has always been important for head and neck surgeons to deal with various benign and malignant tumours. Technical advancements leading to advent of microdebrider, coblation instruments and endoscopes, have proved helpful in gaining access to these complex anatomical areas, by way of endoscopic endonasal approaches but availability of instruments and learning curve remains a limiting factor. Thus older open surgical techniques like maxillary swing, Le Fort osteotomies and midfacial degloving still holds their importance in providing direct open access to these areas.

Are hypopressive and other exercise programs effective for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse?

Introduction And Hypothesis: Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is effective for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP), but other exercise programs have also been promoted and used. The aim of this review was to evaluate the effect of hypopressive and other exercise programs besides PFMT for POP.

Methods: A literature search was conducted on Ovid Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane, PEDro, and Scopus databases from January 1996 to 30 December 2021.

Immunoexpression of claudin-4 and correlation with estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-neu in breast cancer.

Background: Claudins are important transmembrane proteins in tight junction. The role of intercellular tight junctions in breast epithelial cells is traditionally thought to be in maintaining polarity and barrier function. However, claudin-4, a tight junction protein, is overexpressed in breast tumor cells compared to normal epithelial cells, which generally corresponds to loss in polarity and can provide valuable information about biology of the tumor.

Geriatric tuberculosis in India-challenges and solutions.

India has the highest burden of tuberculosis (TB) in the world. Despite a national program for control and elimination of TB, there is a lot to achieve to effectively diagnose and treat TB. One important aspect that often remains ignored is geriatric TB.

An epidemiological study of domiciliary practices and health seeking behaviour among animal bite patients attending a hospital in Delhi.

Background And Objectives: Rabies, although a 100% fatal disease, is preventable with appropriate post-exposure prophylaxis. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 360 animal bite patients in the anti-rabies clinic (ARC) of Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi (VMMC & SJH).

Methods: A predesigned, pretested, structured questionnaire was administered by interview technique to assess the sociodemographic profile, health-seeking behavior, and the various domiciliary practices adopted by the animal bite patients.

Defining the Global Research and Programmatic Agenda and Priority Actions for Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention.

Purpose Of Review: Since 2007, voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) programs have been associated with substantially reduced HIV incidence across 15 prioritized countries in Eastern and Southern Africa. Drawing on the programmatic experience of global VMMC leaders, this report reviews progress made in the first 15 years of the program, describes programmatic and research gaps, and presents considerations to maximize the impact of VMMC.

Recent Findings: Overall, key programmatic and research gaps include a lack of robust male circumcision coverage estimates due to limitations to the data and a lack of standardized approaches across programs; challenges enhancing VMMC uptake include difficulties reaching populations at higher risk for HIV infection and men 30 years and older; limitations to program and procedural quality and safety including variations in approaches used by programs; and lastly, sustainability with limited evidence-based practices.

Temporal muscle thickness as an independent prognostic marker in glioblastoma patients-a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in the adult population. It causes the patient to incur a great deal of malady. Even with the advances in management and the Stupp protocol in place, the prognosis remains grim.

Consolidated Overview of Notifiable Adverse Events in the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief's Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Program Through 2020.

Purpose Of Review: Through December 2020, the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) supported more than 25 million voluntary medical male circumcisions (VMMC) as part of the combined HIV prevention strategy in 15 African countries.

Study of Yang's Onion Flap Technique for Release of Scarred Eponychium and Nail Fold Reconstruction in Burn Patients.

 Abnormalities of fingernail growth and appearance are among the most common deformities encountered after burn injury to the hand. Various techniques used for resurfacing defects include incision of the scarred eponychium and advancement of the distal segment, flap reconstruction-distally, and proximally based transposition/advancement flaps, composite graft techniques, microvascular transfer. In the present study, we used an onion flap to release scarred eponychium and nail fold reconstruction in a single stage without using soft tissue from another area.

FNAC study of giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (localized tenosynovial giant cell tumor): Clinico-radiological correlation and cytopathological features.

Background: Localized tenosynovial giant cell tumor (GCT) or giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (GCTTS), is a benign nodular lesion that arises from the synovium of the tendon sheath of the hands and foot. GCTTS is characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells and proliferation of synovial-like mononuclear cells. A clinical diagnosis of GCTTS is kept as a differential when a firm, nodular mass shows decreased signal intensity on both T1-and T2-weighted MR imaging.

How Does Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Reduce HIV Risk?

Purpose Of Review: Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is a surgical procedure that reduces HIV acquisition risk by almost two-thirds. However, global implementation is lagging, in part due to VMMC hesitancy. A better understanding of the mechanism(s) by which this procedure protects against HIV may increase acceptance of VMMC as an HIV risk reduction approach among health care providers and their clients.

Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa.

The study investigates the statistical relationship between male circumcision and HIV prevalence in Africa, in the context of the Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) campaigns in place since 2008. Data from the Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (PHIA) surveys conducted in African countries in 2017-2018 were utilized. Six countries with high HIV prevalence, low traditional circumcision and large VMMC programs were selected: Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

Nonendoscopic intraoral approach for condylar fracture management-a systematic review.

Objective: The recent trend favors the open reduction and internal fixation of condylar fractures to prevent long-term consequences. Nonendoscopic intraoral approach is an option for management without a visible scar. The purpose of this systematic review was to explore the evidence, armamentarium, methods of reduction and fixation, challenges, and complications.

Event-related potential and neuropsychological function in depressed older adults with cognitive impairment: A correlational study.

Background: Increased depression severity has been linked to cognitive functioning impairment, such as deficits in episodic memory and executive function, causing difficulties in planning strategies, which ultimately lead to impaired decision-making functions. There are number of ways to assess cognitive functions, two most important and routinely done tests are neuropsychological test battery (NBT) and event-related potentials (ERPs).

Objective: This study examines the relationship between conventional neuropsychological tests assessing various cognitive domains and an ERP-P300 in depressed older adults.

Beyond COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, cardiovascular outcomes of "long covid" from a pathological perspective - a look back and road ahead.

With the decrease in severity of COVID-19 there is a sense of relief in the general population. However, there has been an increased incidence of cardiovascular and other organ complications post-infection, which have raised concerns about long COVID. The term "long COVID" was first used by Perego on social media to denote the persistence of symptoms weeks or months after initial SARS-CoV-2 infection and the term 'long haulers' was first described by Watson and by Yong to identify post-COVID conditions.

Prediction of Weaning Outcome from Mechanical Ventilation Using Diaphragmatic Rapid Shallow Breathing Index.

Background: Diaphragmatic dysfunction has been increasingly documented to play a critical role to determine ventilator dependency and failure of weaning.

Objective: The goal was to study the diagnostic accuracy of diaphragmatic rapid shallow breathing index (D-RSBI) as a predictor of weaning outcomes in comparison to RSBI.

Materials And Methods: A prospective observational study on consecutively admitted patients who were intubated and mechanically ventilated for a duration of at least 48 hours was carried out.

Environmental Toxins and Brain: Life on Earth is in Danger.

Man and environment have a strong connection with each other for their functioning. Environmental toxins which can be natural or manmade result in the loss of this balance by causing systemic inflammatory response within the human body, with the brain being the most affected target end-organ. These problems are more prominent in Third World countries, where environmental regulations laws are either relaxed or non-existent.

Air Pollution and Cerebrovascular Disorders with Special Reference to Asia: An Overview.

Background: Among the primary environmental issues affecting global health, air pollution is considered the leading cause of concern. Globally, around 800,000 deaths were attributed to air pollution according to WHO. Evidence suggests that there has been a strong association of air pollution with stroke.

Air Pollution and Headache Disorders.

Air pollution, the most prevalent form of pollution worldwide, is associated with a wide range of neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative conditions, stroke, autism, depression, and developmental delay. There is accumulating evidence on the association between air pollution and headache disorders, especially migraine. Many classical and non-classical air pollutants have been associated with headache, including particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds.

Study Protocol: IMPETUS: Implementing a Uniform Stroke Care Pathway in Medical Colleges of India: IMPETUS .

Introduction: In India, a national program for stroke (national programme for the control of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and stroke) and stroke management guidelines exist. Its successful implementation would need an organized system of stroke care in practice. However, many challenges exist including lack of awareness, prehospital notification systems, stroke ready hospitals, infrastructural weaknesses, and rehabilitation.