Buccal Mucosal Graft as a Second Layer in the Vaginal Repair of Vesicovaginal Fistulas.

Objective: Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is a pathological communication between the urinary bladder and the vagina. The most common cause of VVF is hysterectomy, while less common causes include obstetric trauma and pelvic surgery. Most cases require surgical intervention.