Prognosis of Gleason Score 9-10 Prostatic Adenocarcinoma in Needle Biopsies: A Nationwide Population-based Study.

Background: Since 2014, prostate cancer is reported using five-tier grouping of Gleason scores. Studies have suggested prognostic heterogeneity within the groups.

Objective: We assessed the risk of prostate cancer death for men diagnosed with Gleason scores 4 + 5, 5 + 4, and 5 + 5 on needle biopsy in a population-based cohort.

Surgically treated adult acquired flatfoot deformity: Register-based study of patient characteristics, health-related quality of life and type of surgery according to severity.

Background: Population-level data describing patient characteristics and interventions used in surgical treatment of adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is lacking.

Methods: We analyzed baseline patient-reported data including PROMs and surgical interventions for patients with AAFD reported to the Swedish Quality Register for Foot and Ankle Surgery (Swefoot) 2014-2021.

Results: 625 feet with primary AAFD surgery were registered.

A randomized trial comparing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and radiologically inserted percutaneous gastrostomy (RIG).

Background And Objective: At present, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the procedure of choice in establishing a permanent feeding tube in patients with chronic severe dysphagia. This is the first prospective randomized study in adults comparing PEG with radiologically inserted gastrostomy (RIG).

Methods: Randomization of 106 patients, eligible for both techniques, to PEG (pull method) or RIG.

Correlations between objective and subjective outcomes after adenotonsillar surgery in children with OSA.

Objectives: To investigate whether the OSA-18 questionnaire and a postoperative patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) question correlated with polysomnography (PSG) data.

Methods: A prospective study of otherwise healthy young children with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to investigate if the obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI) before and 6-12 months after adenotonsil surgery correlated with the OSA-18 total symptom score (TSS) and the sleep disturbance subscale (SDS), as well as a PROM question on symptom improvement with responses on a 4-grade Likert scale.

Results: Of 201 children, 173 (86%) had complete data of OAHI and OSA-18 pre- and postoperatively.

Dietary fibre in relation to asthma, allergic rhinitis and sensitization from childhood up to adulthood.

Background: Dietary fibre may reduce the risk of allergy. Our aim was to investigate the association between fibre intake in childhood, asthma, allergic rhinitis and IgE sensitization up to adulthood.

Methods: The individual fibre intake of 2285 participants from the Swedish population-based birth cohort BAMSE was estimated between 98- and 107-item food frequency questionnaires at ages 8 and 16 years, respectively.

Mortality in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer-A long-term follow-up of a population-based real-world cohort.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to find clinical variables that predict the prognosis for men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in a Swedish real-life CRPC cohort, including a risk group classification to clarify the risk of succumbing to prostate cancer. This is a natural history cohort representing the premodern drug era before the introduction of novel hormonal drug therapies.

Methods: PSA tests from the clinical chemistry laboratories serving health care in six regions of Sweden were retrieved and cross-linked to the National Prostate Cancer Registry (NPCR) to identify men with a prostate cancer diagnosis.

Superior Long-Term Outcomes of Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation: A Cumulative Single-Center Cohort Study With 20 Years of Follow-Up.

Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is an attractive alternative to deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT). Although both modalities have similar short-term outcomes, long-term outcomes are not well studied. We compared the 20-year outcomes of 668 adults who received LDLT with1596 DDLTs at the largest liver transplantation (LT) program in Canada.

Modifiable Risk Factors for Intracranial Aneurysm and Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background The aim of this study was to assess the associations of modifiable lifestyle factors (smoking, coffee consumption, sleep, and physical activity) and cardiometabolic factors (body mass index, glycemic traits, type 2 diabetes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipids, and inflammation and kidney function markers) with risks of any (ruptured or unruptured) intracranial aneurysm and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage using Mendelian randomization. Methods and Results Summary statistical data for the genetic associations with the modifiable risk factors and the outcomes were obtained from meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies. The inverse-variance weighted method was used as the main Mendelian randomization analysis, with additional sensitivity analyses conducted using methods more robust to horizontal pleiotropy.

Cardiometabolic, Lifestyle, and Nutritional Factors in Relation to Varicose Veins: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background We conducted a 2-sample Mendelian randomization study to assess the associations of cardiometabolic, lifestyle, and nutritional factors with varicose veins. Methods and Results Independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with height (positive control), body mass index, type 2 diabetes, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, smoking, alcohol and coffee consumption, 7 circulating vitamins (A, B6, B9, B12, C, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and E), and 5 circulating minerals (calcium, iron, magnesium, selenium, and zinc) at the genome-wide significance level were used as instrumental variables. Summary-level data for the genetic associations with varicose veins were obtained from the UK Biobank (8763 cases and 352 431 noncases) and the FinnGen consortium (13 928 cases and 153 951 noncases).

The Toronto Postliver Transplantation Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence Calculator: A Machine Learning Approach.

Liver transplantation (LT) listing criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain controversial. To optimize the utility of limited donor organs, this study aims to leverage machine learning to develop an accurate posttransplantation HCC recurrence prediction calculator. Patients with HCC listed for LT from 2000 to 2016 were identified, with 739 patients who underwent LT used for modeling.

Estimating the Population Benefits of Blood Pressure Lowering: A Wide-Angled Mendelian Randomization Study in UK Biobank.

Background The causal relevance of elevated blood pressure for several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is uncertain, as is the population impact of blood pressure lowering. This study systematically assesses evidence of causality for various CVDs in a 2-sample Mendelian randomization framework, and estimates the potential reduction in the prevalence of these diseases attributable to long-term population shifts in the distribution of systolic blood pressure (SBP). Methods and Results We investigated associations of genetically predicted SBP as predicted by 256 genetic variants with 21 CVDs in UK Biobank, a population-based cohort of UK residents.

A model for evaluating the economic value of prevention programs for illicit use of anabolic androgenic steroids.

Background: The illicit use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) has become a societal concern. We developed a decision-analytic model for assessing the cost-effectiveness of preventive interventions targeting AAS-use. We used scenario analyses to demonstrate: a) the potential health economic consequences of AAS use in Sweden, and b) the cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical preventive intervention.

Genetically Proxied Inhibition of Coagulation Factors and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background We conducted Mendelian randomization analyses investigating the linear associations of genetically proxied inhibition of different coagulation factors with risk of common cardiovascular diseases. Methods and Results Genetic instruments proxying coagulation factor inhibition were identified from genome-wide association studies for activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time in BioBank Japan (up to 58 110 participants). Instruments were identified for 9 coagulation factors (fibrinogen alpha, beta, and gamma chain; and factors II, V, VII, X, XI, and XII).

A case-only study to identify genetic modifiers of breast cancer risk for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers.

Breast cancer (BC) risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers varies by genetic and familial factors. About 50 common variants have been shown to modify BC risk for mutation carriers. All but three, were identified in general population studies.

Classification algorithm for the International Classification of Diseases-11 chronic pain classification: development and results from a preliminary pilot evaluation.

The International Classification of Diseases-11 (ICD-11) chronic pain classification includes about 100 chronic pain diagnoses on different diagnostic levels. Each of these diagnoses requires specific operationalized diagnostic criteria to be present. The classification comprises more than 200 diagnostic criteria.

Systematic review of the association between socioeconomic status and bladder cancer survival with hospital type, comorbidities, and treatment delay as mediators.

Objectives: To review the current evidence on the relationship between three proposed mediators (comorbidities, hospital type, and treatment delays) for the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and bladder cancer survival.

Materials And Methods: Six different searches using OVID (Medline and Embase) were carried out to collate information available between the proposed mediators with both SES and survival in bladder cancer. This systematic review was conducted according to a pre-defined protocol and in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Reflecting a crisis reaction: Narratives from patients with oesophageal cancer about the first 6 months after diagnosis and surgery.

Aim: The aim of the study was to describe patients' experiences of emotional adaption following treatment for oesophageal cancer from diagnosis to 6 months after surgery.

Design: A qualitative interview study using an inductive approach was carried out.

Methods: Participants were recruited from two university hospitals in Sweden.

Medical diagnoses among infants at entry in out-of-home care: A Swedish population-register study.

Background And Aims: Identification of child abuse involves a medical investigation and assessment of problems related to social environment and upbringing and might necessitate out-of-home care. The objective of this study was to analyse infants placed in out-of-home care in Sweden by incidence, medical diagnoses, and perinatal factors.

Methods: This was a population-based register study of infants born in Sweden 1997 to 2014.

Dietary Pattern Specific Protein Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study in 2 Independent Cohorts.

Background Mechanisms related to the influence of diet on the development of cardiovascular disease are not entirely understood, and protein biomarkers may help to understand these pathways. Studies of biomarkers identified with multiplex proteomic methods and dietary patterns are largely lacking. Methods and Results Dietary patterns were generated through principal component analysis in 2 population-based Swedish cohorts, the EpiHealth (EpiHealth study; n=20 817 men and women) and the SMCC (Swedish Mammography Cohort Clinical [n=4650 women]).

Risk factors for pancreatitis following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

The aim of this study was to assess whether sex, age, ASA grade, previous history of acute pancreatitis, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, hypercalcaemia, kidney disease and liver cirrhosis influence the risk for developing post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP). A total of 15 800 ERCP procedures retrieved from the Swedish National Quality Register for Gallstone Surgery and ERCP (GallRiks) for 2006-2014 were identified and cross-checked with the National Patient Register. Women, patients aged less than 65 years, patients with hyperlipidaemia and those with a previous history of acute pancreatitis had a significantly increased risk of PEP, whereas patients with diabetes had a significantly decreased risk.

Exercise training alters lipoprotein particles independent of brown adipose tissue metabolic activity.

Introduction: New strategies for weight loss and weight maintenance in humans are needed. Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) can stimulate energy expenditure and may be a potential therapeutic target for obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, whether exercise training is an efficient stimulus to activate and recruit BAT remains to be explored.

Mapping of human papilloma virus, p16, and epstein-barr virus in non-malignant tonsillar disease.

Objectives: Due to their location in the entrance of the aero-digestive tract, tonsils are steadily exposed to viruses. Human papilloma virus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are two potentially oncogenic viruses that tonsils encounter. The incidence of HPV positive tonsillar cancer is on the rise and it is unknown when infection with HPV occurs.