The choice of adjuvant radiotherapy in pancreatic cancer patients after up-front radical surgery.

Background: The role of adjuvant radiotherapy in pancreatic cancer following radical surgery remains a subject of of controversy. This study aimed to more accurately screen pancreatic patients who benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy.

Methods: Clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with resectable pancreatic cancer were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2004-2015).

Surgical Site Infection after Craniotomy in Neuro-Oncology (SINO): A protocol for an international prospective multicentre service evaluation across the United Kingdom and Ireland.

Introduction: Given its proximity to the central nervous system, surgical site infections (SSIs) after craniotomy (SSI-CRAN) represent a serious adverse event. SSI-CRAN are associated with substantial patient morbidity and mortality. Despite the recognition of SSI in other surgical fields, there is a paucity of evidence in the neurosurgical literature devoted to skin closure, specifically in patients with brain tumors.

A 5-year Single-center Experience on the Use of Emicizumab Prophylaxis in Children With Severe Hemophilia A With and Without Factor VIII Inhibitors.

Objective: Emicizumab promotes efficacious hemostasis in persons with hemophilia A persons with hemophilia A with and without inhibitors. Primary analyses of real-world data and clinical trials have shown emicizumab efficacy and safety; however, long-term data are limited.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted to assess real-world long-term outcomes of pediatric patients on emicizumab in our hemophilia center between the period of February 2018 and September 2023.

18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake in PDGFRA-Mutant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors.

Importance: The D842V platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA) mutation identifies a molecular subgroup of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), primarily resistant to standard tyrosine kinase inhibitors and with an overall more indolent behavior. Although functional imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-labeled positron emission tomography ([18F]FDG-PET) plays a proven role in GISTs, especially in early assessment of tumor response, less is known about [18F]FDG uptake according to the GIST molecular subtypes.

Objective: To evaluate the degree of [18F]FDG uptake in PDGFRA-mutant GISTs and better define the role of functional imaging in this rare and peculiar subset of GISTs.

Examining the Formalin Fixation Method for Maintaining High RNA Quality in Surgical Lung Specimens.

Background: Multiplex genetic testing is recommended when treating nonsmall cell lung cancer. A certain percentage of test failures in RNA assays owing to poor surgical specimen quality have been documented, and fixation failure is a possible cause. At our institution, sheet-like fixation is performed to reduce fixation time.

Comparisons in Postoperative Endoscopic Findings and Postoperative Weight Change Between Delta-Shaped Anastomosis and Circular-Stapled Anastomosis in Laparoscopy-Assisted Distal Gastrectomy With B-I Reconstruction.

Background: Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) with Billroth I (B-I) reconstruction is frequently performed for gastric cancer. However, the difference between the circular stapler technique (CS) and delta-shaped anastomosis (DA) remains unclear, especially regarding the postoperative endoscopic physiological findings.

Methods: Three hundred and one patients including 150 CS patients and 151 DA patients during LADG with B-I reconstruction between 2013 and 2019 at Saitama Medical University International Medical Center were chosen as study subjects.

Efficacy and safety of JMT103 in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors: A randomized Phase Ib clinical trial.

This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of three dosing regimens of JMT103 in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive JMT103 subcutaneously, 120 mg every 4 weeks (Cohort 1), 120 mg every 8 weeks (Cohort 2), or 180 mg every 8 weeks (Cohort 3) for up to 49 weeks. The primary endpoint was change from baseline to Week 13 in creatinine-adjusted urinary N-telopeptide (uNTx/Cr).

Capecitabine and temozolomide or temozolomide alone in patients with atypical carcinoids.

Background: Lung neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) represent about 20% of all lung cancers. Few therapeutic options are available for atypical carcinoids (ACs). Single-agent temozolomide (TEM) is active in lung NENs, but whether the addition of capecitabine (CAPTEM) is associated with improved outcomes, is unknown.

Feasibility and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial cancer of the remnant esophagus after esophagectomy.

Background: Endoscopic treatment for second primary malignancies after esophagectomy has been increasingly performed; however, evidence regarding the outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial cancer of the remnant esophagus after esophagectomy (SCREE) is limited.

Methods: We retrospectively extracted cases of ESD for SCREE from our institutional database, which included 739 consecutive esophageal ESD procedures performed between January 2009 and September 2023. Information on prior treatment, clinical features of the lesions, and outcomes was evaluated.

Upregulation of CD19 by low-dose chidamide promotes CAR T cells functionality in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) is a highly heterogeneous group of lymphopoietic malignancies that account for 85% to 90% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. In recent years, CD19 Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell immunotherapy has significantly improved the cure rate of B-NHL patients, but there are still some patients who cannot achieve remission after treatment, or relapse after remission. Therefore, it is of great importance to overcome the drug resistance of CD19 CAR T cells after B-NHL treatment and reduce the recurrence rate of CD19 CAR T cells after B-NHL treatment.

Patient-derived xenograft models of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a ready-to-use platform for translational research.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract. Most GIST harbor mutations in oncogenes, such as KIT, and are treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), such as imatinib. Most tumors develop secondary mutations inducing drug resistance against the available TKI, which requires novel therapies.

Transconjunctival correction of involutional entropion: A video demonstration.

Background: Involution or aging is the most common cause of lower eyelid entropion (in-turning of eyelid margin) in the elderly population. Various pathomechanisms have been postulated for its occurrence. Aging leads to laxity of tissues and loss of muscle tone.

Consensus-Based Guidelines for Best Practices in the Selection and Use of Examination Gloves in Healthcare Settings.

Background/objectives: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) present significant challenges in modern healthcare, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Examination gloves play a critical role in infection prevention by serving as a barrier to reduce the risk of cross-contamination between healthcare workers and patients. This manuscript aims to provide consensus-based guidelines for the optimal selection, use, and disposal of examination gloves in healthcare settings, addressing both infection prevention and environmental sustainability.

Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis on Treating Hormone Receptor-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer After CDK4/6 Inhibitors.

Introduction: The optimal treatment of estrogen receptor-positive (ER +) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) after progression on cyclin-dependent 4/6 kinase inhibitors (CDK4/6i) is unknown.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase-II/-III randomized trials of ER + MBC post CDK4/6i + ET progression. We calculated the hazard ratio (HR) for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) using generic inverse variance and odds ratios (ORs) using the Mantel-Haenszel method for adverse events (AEs) with Review-Manager version-5.

Advancing Radiobiology: Investigating the Effects of Photon, Proton, and Carbon-Ion Irradiation on PANC-1 Cells in 2D and 3D Tumor Models.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies, calling for enhanced research. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents 70-80% of all cases and is known for its resistance to conventional therapies. Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) has emerged as a promising approach due to its ability to deliver highly localized doses and unique radiobiological properties compared to X-rays.

Role of Age, Comorbidity, and Frailty in the Prediction of Postoperative Complications After Surgery for Vulvar Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study with the Development of a Nomogram.

Surgery is the cornerstone of vulvar cancer treatment, but it is associated with a significant risk of complications that may impact prognosis, particularly in older patients with multiple comorbidities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of age, comorbidities, and frailty in predicting postoperative complications after vulvar cancer surgery and to develop a predictive nomogram. A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including patients who underwent surgery for vulvar cancer at two Italian institutions from January 2018 to December 2023.

Robotic Surgery from a Gynaecological Oncology Perspective: A Global Gynaecological Oncology Surgical Outcomes Collaborative Led Study (GO SOAR3).

Background/objectives: For healthcare institutions developing a robotic programme, delivering value for patients, clinicians, and payers is key. However, the impact on the surgeon, training pathways, and logistics are often overlooked. We conducted a study on the impact of robotic surgery on surgeons, access to robotic surgical training, and factors associated with developing a successful robotic programme.

Combining single-cell analysis and molecular docking techniques to construct a prognostic model for colon adenocarcinoma and uncovering inhibin subunit βb as a novel therapeutic target.

Background: Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is a malignancy with a high mortality rate and complex biological characteristics and heterogeneity, which poses challenges for clinical treatment. Anoikis is a type of programmed cell death that occurs when cells lose their attachment to the extracellular matrix (ECM), and it plays a crucial role in tumor metastasis. However, the specific biological link between anoikis and COAD, as well as its mechanisms in tumor progression, remains unclear, making it a potential new direction for therapeutic strategy research.

Long term outcomes associated with the use of perioperative systemic chemotherapy on low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms with pseudomyxoma peritonei treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

Introduction: Low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMN) are indolent tumors that lack invasive potential but may present as pseudomyxoma peritonei. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) significantly improves both overall and recurrence free survival. While systemic chemotherapy is generally considered ineffective for LAMN, little literature is available to support this notion.

Benefits, problems, and optimal timing of administration of indocyanine green fluorescence cholangiography in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Objectives: The advantages of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence cholangiography have been emphasized, but its disadvantages remain unclear. This study investigated the advantages and disadvantages of this modality, particularly the optimal timing of administration of ICG fluorescence.

Design: This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected patient data.

Claudin 18.2: An attractive marker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a highly aggressive tumor with limited treatment options. Zolbetuximab, a monoclonal antibody against the tight junction protein Claudin 18.2 has recently been developed.

Single-Session Surgical Intervention with Resection of a Primary Cranial Osteosarcoma and Cranioplasty using a 3D-Printed Craniotomy Template and Cranioplasty Molds.

Although osteosarcomas are the most frequent primary malignant bone tumors, the primary cranial manifestation of this condition is very rare with only a limited number of cases presented in the literature. We present the case of a 20-year-old male patient who underwent single-session surgical intervention for resection of right frontal osteosarcoma with a tailor-made craniotomy and cranioplasty using virtually designed 3D-printed templates and molds. Subsequently, the patient was treated according to the EURAMOS protocol and received adjuvant systemic chemotherapy.

Survival Analysis of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma With Various Therapeutic Modalities: Twenty-Seven Years' Experience in a Single Cancer Center.

Background: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most aggressive thyroid gland malignancy. Several consensuses support the concept of multimodal therapy that combines surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. However, patient's comorbidity, poor performance status, and metastasis often make it impossible for patients to undergo multimodal therapy.