Prognostic implications of positive nonsentinel lymph nodes removed during selective sentinel lymphadenectomy for breast cancer.

Nonsentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) are commonly removed at the time of selective sentinel lymphadenectomy (SSL). Their predictive value for the rest of the nodal basin is unknown. A retrospective review of 436 breast cancer patients who underwent SSL between 12/97 and 04/03 at a single institution.

Id1 gene expression and regulation in human thyroid tissue.

The Id genes encode helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription proteins that lack a DNA binding basic domain. Id proteins (Id1, Id2, Id3, and Id4) function as dominant negative regulators of basic HLH transcription factors by forming inactive heterodimers. Recent studies suggest that the Id proteins participate in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, tumorigenesis and angiogenesis in a variety of cell types.