Prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescribing in older adults in Central and Eastern Europe: a systematic review and synthesis without meta-analysis.

We aimed to systematically review the prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) in older adults in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) in all care settings. We searched Embase and MEDLINE (up to June 2019) and checked the reference lists of the included studies and relevant reviews. Eligible studies used validated explicit or implicit tools to assess the PIP prevalence in older adults in CEE.

Does sternal body shape reflect family relationships? A study on a genealogically documented Central European osteological sample (19th-20th centuries).

In forensic contexts, sternal anatomical varieties represent useful tools for the identification of an individual, either by comparison of ante-mortem and post-mortem data, or by potential comparison of data from biologically related individuals. Sternal body variation is also used to detect the biological affinity of individuals in bioarchaeology. However, no study has been made available to date on the degree to which the overall shape of the sternal body reflects the degree of biological relatedness.

Reimbursed medication adherence enhancing interventions in 12 european countries: Current state of the art and future challenges.

Medication non-adherence jeopardises the effectiveness of chronic therapies and negatively affects financial sustainability of healthcare systems. Available medication adherence-enhancing interventions (MAEIs) are utilised infrequently, and even more rarely reimbursed. The aim of this paper was to review reimbursed MAEIs across selected European countries.

High Exogenous Antioxidant, Restorative Treatment (Heart) for Prevention of the Six Stages of Heart Failure: The Heart Diet.

The exact pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) is not yet known. Western diet, characterized by highly sweetened foods, as well as being rich in fat, fried foods, red meat and processed meat, eggs, and sweet beverages, may cause inflammation, leading to oxidative dysfunction in the cardiac ultra-structure. Oxidative function of the myocardium and how oxidative dysfunction causes physio-pathological remodeling, leading to HF, is not well known.

Feedback based on health advice via tracing bracelet and smartphone in the management of blood pressure among hypertensive patients: A community-based RCT trial in Chongqing, China.

Background: Lifestyle interventions have been recognized as a line of treatment for noncommunicable diseases. This study aimed to evaluate a bespoke mHealth approach to deliver personalized feedback to improve blood pressure and weight for hypertensive patients in community settings.

Methods: A total of 307 participants, 50 from each community, were expected to be in the intervention or control group.

Drug-Related Hospital Admissions the Department of Emergency Medicine: A Cross-Sectional Study From the Czech Republic.

Drug-related hospital admissions (DRAs) represent a significant problem affecting all countries worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and preventability of DRAs, identify the most common medications involved in DRAs, the most common clinical manifestations of DRAs and describe the preventability aspects of DRAs. This cross-sectional study examined unplanned hospital admissions to the University Hospital Hradec Králové the department of emergency medicine in August-November 2018.

Heart rate variability, perceived stress and willingness to seek counselling in undergraduate students.

Objective: The primary aim was to determine the level of stress in Czech pharmacy students using both subjective and physiological markers of stress throughout their study. The secondary aim was to investigate association of stress with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and to determine the predictors of the likelihood of enrolling in psychotherapy counselling.

Methods: Design: A prospective observational study.

Pulmonary damage in a patient with hairy cell leukemia - infectious involvement or hematological disease activity? Case report.

Background: Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare indolent lymphoproliferative disease with an accumulation of mature B lymphocytes with fine reticular chromatin and cytoplasm with typical hairy-like cytoplasmic projections. Rarely, hairy cell leukemia manifests as a lung infiltration. The differential diagnosis between infection and malignant involvement with hairy cell leukemia is often challenging in such situations.

Vitamin D: sources, physiological role, biokinetics, deficiency, therapeutic use, toxicity, and overview of analytical methods for detection of vitamin D and its metabolites.

Vitamin D has a well-known role in the calcium homeostasis associated with the maintenance of healthy bones. It increases the efficiency of the intestinal absorption of dietary calcium, reduces calcium losses in urine, and mobilizes calcium stored in the skeleton. However, vitamin D receptors are present ubiquitously in the human body and indeed, vitamin D has a plethora of non-calcemic functions.

Identifying Potential Drug-Related Problems Among Geriatric Patients With Use of an Integrated Clinical Decision Support Tool.

Drug-related problems (DRPs) which arise from potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are a common problem in older people with multi-morbidity and polypharmacy. To develop an integrated PIM clinical decision support tool for identification of DRPs in geriatric multi-morbid polypharmacy patients, using the EU(7)-PIM and EURO-FORTA lists, with a focus on high-risk medications. The integrated PIM tool used the information on PIMs in both databases-the EU(7)-PIM and EURO-FORTA.

Sex Differences in the TyG Index and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Metabolically Obese Normal Weight Phenotype.

Background: The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index is a novel surrogate marker of insulin resistance and increases cardiovascular disease risk. We sought to explore sex differences in the relationship between TyG and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in metabolically obese normal weight (MONW) phenotype.

Method: We analyzed data of 1208 healthy men and nonpregnant women enrolled in a population-based longitudinal study from January 2017-June 2020.

Sweetened beverage consumption and risk of cardiovascular mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Several studies have reported the association of sweetened beverages (SB) with cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship between SB and cardiovascular mortality has not been clearly established. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association between SB consumption and cardiovascular mortality.

Organic Food Consumption and Risk of Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Recent epidemiological studies have explored the association between organic food consumption and the risk of obesity, but the results remain controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine the association between organic food consumption and the risk of obesity. Rigorous methods for a comprehensive search were employed to search for literature in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase for relevant articles published until 30 November 2021.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and dose-response analysis of cohort studies with one million participants.

Purpose: Recent studies have suggested a lower risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients receiving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The current study aimed to provide an updated and comprehensive assessment of the association between SSRI use and development of HCC.

Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of all observational studies published until June 2021.

Polypharmacy and Hyperpolypharmacy in Older Individuals with Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Aim: Polypharmacy (concomitant use of 5-9 medicines) and hyperpolypharmacy (concomitant use of over 10 medicines) were observed to be more frequent in older adults (≥65 years) and associated with adverse outcomes. Their prevalence and risk in older patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) remain unknown. We aimed to synthesize the extant evidence on the prevalence and risk of polypharmacy and hyperpolypharmacy in older adults with PD.

Changes in Beliefs About Post-Transplant Immunosuppressants Over Time and Its Relation to Medication Adherence and Kidney Graft Dysfunction: A Follow-Up Study.

Purpose: The main aim was to evaluate the changes in beliefs about immunosuppressants over a 3-year period in patients after kidney transplantation. The second aim was to investigate the relationship between beliefs, medication adherence, and selected clinical outcomes such as graft functioning.

Patients And Methods: This observational follow-up study was conducted in the outpatient post-transplant clinic at the University Hospital Hradec Kralove in the Czech Republic.

Association between intake of sodium, potassium, sodium-to-potassium ratio, and blood pressure among US adults.

High dietary sodium and low potassium intake is associated with high blood pressure (BP). The current study aimed to determine if the sodium-to-potassium ratio is more strongly associated with low (130-139/80-89 mm Hg) and high (≥140/90 mm Hg) BP thresholds among US adults than either sodium or potassium alone. A total of 30,776 patients aged ≥20 years with complete blood pressure participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2003 to 2018.

Medication adherence interventions in transplantation lack information on how to implement findings from randomized controlled trials in real-world settings: A systematic review.

Background: Growing numbers of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are showing the effectiveness of interventions to improve medication adherence in transplantation recipients. However, real-world implementation is still a major challenge. This systematic review assesses the range of information available in RCTs supporting these interventions' clinical adoption in adult transplant populations.

Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Phase II/III Trials.

Tirzepatide is a novel once-a-week dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, currently under trial to assess glycemic efficacy and safety in people with type 2 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate the efficacy of tirzepatide on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c, %), fasting serum glucose (mg/dL), and body weight (kg) in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (HbA1c > 7.0%).

Risk of Gastrointestinal Bleeding on Treatment With Statin Alone or With Concomitant Administration of Warfarin: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 5.3 Million Participants.

Objective: This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) with statin monotherapy or with concomitant warfarin use.

Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE (via Scopus) were searched for observational studies that reported the risk of GIB in adults on statin therapy or with concomitant warfarin use until August 28, 2021.

Study Selection And Data Extraction: Observational studies evaluating the risk of GIB in adults (age >18 years) on statin medication or concomitant use with warfarin were included.