Assessing respiratory therapists' compliance with cystic fibrosis guidelines in Saudi Arabia: A descriptive quantitative study.

Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a severe autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. This condition disrupts chloride channels and leads to the production of thick, sticky mucus, affecting the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. CF's prevalence is particularly high in Saudi Arabia, where the incidence has increased from 1 in 2,000 to 1 in 1,000 births.

Impact of Enterococcus infection in HSCT recipients: a national analysis.

Background: Enterococci are the third most common cause of healthcare-associated infections in the United States, affecting 10-12% of all transplant recipients worldwide. Enterococcal bacteremia complicates the post-transplant recovery and raises mortality to 18%. This study aims to identify factors linked to mortality in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients with Enterococcus infection.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Gestational Non-Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Background/aim: Ovarian cancer is categorized into epithelial ovarian cancer and non-epithelial ovarian cancer (NEOC), with NEOC accounting for approximately 10% of cases, predominantly affecting young women and adolescents. The incidence of gestational ovarian cancer is expected to rise in developed nations due to delayed childbearing. NEOC in pregnancy presents various risks, including spontaneous abortion, ventriculomegaly, respiratory distress, and maternal-fetal mortality.

Guiding Principles for Data Sharing and Harmonization: Results of a Systematic Review and Modified Delphi From the Society of Critical Care Medicine Data Science Campaign.

Objectives: This study aimed to establish a set of guiding principles for data sharing and harmonization in critical care, focusing on the use of real-world data (RWD) and real-world evidence (RWE) to improve patient outcomes and research efficacy. The principles were developed through a systematic literature review and a modified Delphi process, with the goal of enhancing data accessibility, standardization, and interoperability across critical care settings.

Data Sources: Data sources included a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed literature, specifically studies related to the use of RWD and RWE in healthcare, guidelines, best practices, and recommendations on data sharing and harmonization.

Incident tuberculosis in people with HIV across Europe from 2012-2022: incidence rates, risk factors, and regional differences in a multicentre cohort study.

Background: Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death among people with HIV. The aim of this study was to describe the incidence of tuberculosis (TB), explore risk factors and to calculate their population attributable fractions (PAF) in people with HIV across Europe, stratified by region.

Method: Longitudinal study of people with HIV aged>18 years with follow-up from either 1/1/2012, or cohort enrolment, until date of TB diagnosis, last visit, death, or 31/12/2022.

Manual Ventilation Performance With Safety Device in Normal Versus Decreased Lung Compliance: A Single-Center Simulation Study.

Resuscitator bags are commonly utilized in acute care settings; however, poor performance occurs irrespective of a provider's qualifications or experience. A new flow-limiting device (Sotair by SafeBVM, Boston, Massachusetts) limits inspiratory flow during manual ventilation, thus minimizing peak inspiratory pressures. This study examined the differences in flow, pressure, and tidal volume (V) during ventilation with a manual resuscitator connected to the flow-limiting device versus a mechanical ventilator.

Types of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) used by people of different age and smoking status groups: results from a US nationally representative survey.

Objectives: The type of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) used by different age groups may be associated with ENDS and cigarette use behaviours. This study sought to identify differences in the use of ENDS device type based on age and cigarette use status to inform policy about regulating ENDS.

Design: This was a cross-sectional study.

Extracorporeal Life Support Organization 2024 Guideline for Early Rehabilitation or Mobilization of Adult Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

This Extracorporeal Life Support Organization guideline describes early rehabilitation or mobilization of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The guideline describes useful and safe practices put together by an international interprofessional team with extensive experience in the field of ECMO and ECMO rehabilitation or mobilization. The guideline is not intended to define the delivery of care or substitute sound clinical judgment.

Characteristics of children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis and their association with treatment outcomes: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: There are few data on the treatment of children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant (MDR) or rifampicin-resistant (RR) tuberculosis, especially with more recently available drugs and regimens. We aimed to describe the clinical and treatment characteristics and their associations with treatment outcomes in this susceptible population.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Current practice of using the airway pressure release ventilation mode in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients among respiratory therapists in Saudi Arabia.

Background: There is a limited data examining the practice of using the airway pressure release ventilation mode for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome among respiratory therapists.

Objectives: To evaluate the current practice and barriers when using airway pressure release ventilation mode in the management of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was disseminated between November 2022 and April 2023 to respiratory therapists in Saudi Arabia.

Modulation of cytokeratin and cytokine/chemokine expression following influenza virus infection of differentiated human tonsillar epithelial cells.

Unlabelled: The tonsils have been identified as a site of replication for Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus, human papillomavirus, and other respiratory viruses. Human tonsil epithelial cells (HTECs) are a heterogeneous group of actively differentiating cells. Here, we investigated the cellular features and susceptibility of differentiated HTECs to specific influenza viruses, including expression of avian-type and mammalian-type sialic acid (SA) receptors, viral replication dynamics, and the associated cytokine secretion profiles.

Allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for children with refractory systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and associated lung disease: outcomes from an international, retrospective cohort study.

Background: Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis-related lung disease (sJIA-LD) is a severe complication in patients with treatment-refractory systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) in a cohort of children with sJIA-LD.

Methods: This international, retrospective cohort study was performed in nine hospitals across the USA and Europe in children with sJIA-LD who had received allogeneic HSCT.

The Bronchodilator and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists in Asthma: An EAACI Position Paper.

As cholinergic innervation is a major contributor to increased vagal tone and mucus secretion, inhaled long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) are a pillar for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. By blocking the muscarinic receptors expressed in the lung, LAMA improve lung function and reduce exacerbations in asthma patients who remained poorly controlled despite treatment with inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2 agonists. Asthma guidelines recommend LAMA as a third controller to be added on before the initiation of biologicals.

Comparison of Butorphanol-Azaperone-Medetomidine and Nalbuphine-Medetomidine-Azaperone for Immobilization of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus).

Butorphanol-azaperone-medetomidine (BAM) is commonly used for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) immobilization in captive and free-ranging populations. It is a federally regulated controlled substance requiring stringent regulatory compliance, complicating field application. A prescription-only drug combination, nalbuphine-medetomidine-azaperone® (NalMed-A) provides a less-regulated alternative for use by wildlife professionals.

Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in an Adult Patient With Human Metapneumovirus Infection Successfully Managed With Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a ubiquitous RNA virus of the Pneumoviridae family, has been associated with respiratory tract infections for decades in various age groups and populations. Though most of the infections, especially in children, are mild and self-limited, severe infections ranging from bronchiolitis or asthma exacerbation to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have occasionally been reported. Among patients who require hospitalization for severe infections, treatment is supportive as no current antivirals or vaccines are effective or recommended.

Timeline and outcomes of viral and fungal infections after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: a large database analysis.

Objectives: This large database analysis aims to describe the incidence, timeline, and risk factors for viral and fungal infections after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy.

Methods: We queried a global research network database, TriNetX, for patients who received CAR T-cell therapy, who were identified and followed for the development of viral and fungal infections. Baseline demographic, oncologic history, laboratory data and medication histories were collected.

Transition to Enteral Triazole Antifungal Therapy for Pediatric Invasive Candidiasis: Secondary Analysis of a Multicenter Cohort Study Conducted by the Pediatric Fungal Network.

Of 319 children with invasive candidiasis, 67 (21%) transitioned from intravenous to enteral antifungal therapy. Eight (12%) transitioned back to intravenous antifungal therapy, one due to perceived treatment failure defined by clinical progression or worsening. Global treatment response at study completion was successful in 66 participants who transitioned to enteral therapy.

Prospective, multi-site evaluation of the Cepheid Xpert Xpress CoV-2 test on nasal and nasopharyngeal swabs.

Unlabelled: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues its largely aseasonal spread with millions of cases per year. Highly sensitive, point-of-care testing is critical for rapid detection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and initiation of antiviral therapy to avert adverse health outcomes and reduce onward transmission of the virus. While hundreds of COVID-19 diagnostics received emergency use authorization from the FDA during the pandemic, significantly fewer have navigated the course to FDA clearance or approval.

Evaluation of the Arabic version of the Asthma Trigger Inventory among asthmatic pediatric patients in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Asthma Trigger Inventory (ATI) is available in English, German, and Spanish languages; however, a version in Arabic language specifically tailored for identifying asthma triggers within Saudi Arabia has been missing.

Objectives: To assess the reliability and validity of the adapted Arabic ATI among parents of asthmatic children in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A cross-cultural adaptation of the ATI was conducted, adding seven region-specific triggers to reflect cultural and environmental factors.

EAACI guidelines on the management of IgE-mediated food allergy.

This European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) guideline provides recommendations for the management of IgE-mediated food allergy and was developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Following the confirmation of IgE-mediated food allergy diagnosis, allergen avoidance and dietary advice (with support of a specialised dietitian, if possible) together with the provision of a written treatment plan, education on the recognition of allergic symptoms and prescription of medication including adrenaline using an auto-injector are essential. Patients with significant anxiety and requirement for coping strategies may benefit from support from a clinical psychologist.

INhaled Sedation versus Propofol in REspiratory failure in the Intensive Care Unit (INSPiRE-ICU1): protocol for a randomised, controlled trial.

Introduction: Sedation in mechanically ventilated adults in the intensive care unit (ICU) is commonly achieved with intravenous infusions of propofol, dexmedetomidine or benzodiazepines. Significant limitations associated with each can impact their usage. Inhaled isoflurane has potential benefit for ICU sedation due to its safety record, sedation profile, lack of metabolism and accumulation, and fast wake-up time.

Living with COPD and its psychological effects on participating in community-based physical activity in Brazil: a qualitative study. Findings from the Breathe Well group.

Physical activity (PA) improves dyspnoea, psychological wellbeing and quality of life (QoL) for people with COPD reducing their risk of exacerbation. However, engagement in PA is low especially amongst those with anxiety and depression, and PA programmes are limited in countries with limited resources such as Brazil. We explored perceptions of 21 people with COPD about the impact of their disease on taking part in community-based PA programmes in Sao Paulo, Brazil through semi-structured telephone interviews from October 2020 to April 2021.