Healthcare resource utilization and costs in immunodeficient patients receiving subcutaneous Ig: Real-world evidence from France.

Background: Subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) replacement therapy is indicated for patients with hypogammaglobulinemia caused by primary (PID) and secondary immunodeficiencies (SID).

Objective: To compare healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and related direct medical costs of patients in France treated with weekly conventional SCIg (cSCIg) vs monthly hyaluronidase-facilitated SCIg (fSCIg).

Methods: This retrospective study of Ig-naïve patients with PID or SID newly receiving a SCIg between 2016 and 2018, extracted from the French National Healthcare reimbursement database (SNDS), analyzed the SCIg-related HCRU and reimbursed costs generated from in-hospital (hospitalizations and SCIg doses) or at-home (nurse visits [NV] and pump provider visits [PPV], drug doses) SCIg administration.

Physical activity and metabolic syndrome in primary care patients in Spain.

Purpose: To determine the relationship between self-reported physical activity and the components of premorbid metabolic syndrome in patients treated in primary care according to sex.

Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted on a sample of 2,359 patients without cardiovascular disease or diabetes, included in the cohort of the IBERICAN study. Using ANOVA models and adjusting for age, economic status, employment situation, level of education, adherence to a Mediterranean diet, tobacco use and alcohol consumption, we estimated the association of the variables blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, blood glucose and waist circumference with the self-reported level of physical activity (sedentary, moderate, high, very high).

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental tobacco smoke and wood stoves dominate in settled house dust from Northwestern Ontario First Nations communities.

Rates of respiratory tract infections for children living in remote First Nations communities in the Sioux Lookout Zone in Northwestern Ontario are elevated and associated with poor indoor environmental quality including high exposures to endotoxin and serious dampness and mould damage. The studies also revealed a high prevalence of cigarette smoking and most houses have wood stoves, of variable quality. Depending on structure, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are carcinogens, immunotoxins and/or inflammatory mediators that are byproducts of the incomplete combustion of organic materials.

Protective effects of neutrophil serine protease inhibition against ischemia-reperfusion injury in lung or heart transplantation.

Transplanted organs are inevitably exposed to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, which is known to cause graft dysfunction. Functional and structural changes that follow IR tissue injury are mediated by neutrophils through the production of oxygen-derived free radicals, as well as from degranulation which entails the release of proteases and other pro-inflammatory mediators. Neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) are believed to be the principal triggers of post-ischemic reperfusion damage.

Disco-Interacting Protein 2 Homolog B CGG Repeat Expansion in Siblings with Neurodevelopmental Disability and Progressive Movement Disorder.

Background: Trinucleotide repeat expansions are an emerging class of genetic variants associated with various movement disorders. Unbiased genome-wide analyses can reveal novel genotype-phenotype associations and provide a diagnosis for patients and families.

Objective: The aim was to identify the genetic cause of a severe progressive movement disorder phenotype in 2 affected brothers.

Testing Covariates Effects on Bivariate Reference Regions.

Correlated clinical measurements are routinely interpreted via comparisons with univariate reference intervals examined side by side. Multivariate reference regions (MVRs), i.e.

mHealth-Based Diabetes Prevention Program for Chinese Mothers With Abdominal Obesity: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Among people with abdominal obesity, women are more likely to develop diabetes than men. Mobile health (mHealth)-based technologies provide the flexibility and resource-saving opportunities to improve lifestyles in an individualized way. However, mHealth-based diabetes prevention programs tailored for busy mothers with abdominal obesity have not been reported yet.

Incidence of 12-month postoperative cognitive decline following regional vs. general anaesthesia in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery: follow-up of the RAGA trial.

Introduction: Data regarding the incidence of 12-month postoperative cognitive decline following regional or general anaesthesia in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery remain observational. Compared with general anaesthesia, we hypothesised that regional anaesthesia would decrease the incidence of 12-month postoperative cognitive decline.

Methods: This is substudy of a multicentre randomised trial of regional anaesthesia with no sedation vs.

Toward Equitable Access to Psychosocial Screening in Canada: Validation of the French-Canadian Psychosocial Assessment Tool.

Objective: The Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) is a brief caregiver report, family-centered, psychosocial risk screening tool widely used in pediatrics and available in many languages. Although French is an official language of Canada, a French-Canadian version of the PAT has not yet been validated, which impedes access to this tool for family psychosocial screening. This study aimed to translate, adapt as necessary, and validate the French-Canadian version of the PAT.

Health Care Spending Increases and Value in South Korea.

Importance: Health care spending in South Korea (hereafter Korea) nearly doubled from 2010 to 2019. However, little is known about the drivers and effectiveness of these spending increases in terms of changes in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs).

Objectives: To evaluate the factors contributing to changes in health care spending and DALYs and estimate the value of health care spending from 2010 to 2019 in Korea.

Neonatal Nutrition and Brain Structure at 7 Years in Children Born Very Preterm.

Importance: Neonatal protein intake following very preterm birth has long lasting effects on brain development. However, it is uncertain whether these effects are associated with improved or impaired brain maturation.

Objective: To assess the association of neonatal protein intake following very preterm birth with brain structure at 7 years of age.

City-Level Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes and Changes in Adult Body Mass Index.

Importance: Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) excise taxes are popular policy interventions aimed at decreasing SSB purchasing and consumption to improve cardiometabolic health and generate revenue for public health initiatives. There is limited evidence that these taxes in the US are associated with weight-related outcomes in adults, a primary contributor to cardiometabolic health.

Objective: To determine the association between SSB excise taxes and adult body mass index (BMI) and proportion of adults with overweight or obesity among California cities and assess whether associations vary by demographic characteristics.

COVID-19 Pandemic and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Long-Term Nursing Home Stay or Death Following Hospital Discharge.

Importance: Long-term nursing home stay or death (long-term NH stay or death), defined as new long-term residence in a nursing home or death following hospital discharge, is an important patient-centered outcome.

Objective: To examine whether the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with changes in long-term NH stay or death among older adults with sepsis, and whether these changes were greater in individuals from racial and ethnic minoritized groups.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used patient-level data from the Medicare Provider Analysis and Review File, the Master Beneficiary Summary File, and the Minimum Data Set.

Genetics of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency Beyond CAH in Saudi Arabian Population.

Background: The use of exome sequencing (ES) has helped in detecting many variants and genes that cause primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI). The diagnosis of PAI is difficult and can be life-threatening if not treated urgently. Consanguinity can impact the detection of recessively inherited genes.

Estimated Pulse Wave Velocity Is Associated With All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Mortality Among Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease.

This study aimed to assess the correlation between estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) and mortality rates related to all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among individuals diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the United States. A total of 4669 participants with CKD were identified from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 1999 and 2018. We calculated the incidence of CKD using an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of < 60 mL/min/1.

Sex Differences in Lung Cancer Characteristics at Diagnosis: A Nationwide Register-Based Study From the Faroe Islands (2015-2020).

Background: Sex differences in lung cancer survival are well-established, but the gap between Faroese men and women is especially pronounced. Faroese women have some of the highest 1- and 5-year relative survival rates in the Nordic region, while Faroese men have some of the lowest. This study investigates these survival disparities by analyzing demographic, clinical, and temporal factors in Faroese lung cancer patients from 2015 to 2020.

Psychiatric characteristics of child survivors after the Kahramanmaraş double earthquake.

Background: The two strongest earthquakes in Turkey for eight decades hit Kahramanmaraş province on February 6, 2023. This study aimed to determine psychiatric complaints, acute stress symptoms, anxiety, depression, and sleep characteristics in children who were treated in a tertiary inpatient pediatric unit after the earthquakes. They were evaluated in the fourth week after the earthquake.

Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Chronic Pain and Alzheimer's Disease-A Review.

The coexistence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and chronic pain (CP) in the elderly population has been extensively documented, and a growing body of evidence supports the potential interconnections between these two conditions. This comprehensive review explores the mechanisms by which CP may contribute to the development and progression of AD, with a particular focus on neuroinflammatory pathways and the role of microglia, as well as the activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The review proposes that prolonged pain processing in critical brain regions can dysregulate the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome within microglia, leading to the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and excessive oxidative stress in these regions.

Social, Racial, and Economic Disparities Affecting Outcomes of Hypertensive Adolescents.

Essential hypertension is one of the most common conditions managed in pediatric cardiology and can result in lasting deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system. Pediatric hypertension is so prevalent in the United States that it is often referred to as a public health challenge. Social determinants of health (SDH) are the cultural, economic, educational, healthcare accessibility, and political influences in the environment in which an individual is born or lives, all of which can affect that individual's overall health.

Phase 2 Randomised Study of Bulevirtide as Monotherapy or Combined With Peg-IFNα-2a as Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis Delta.

Background And Aim: Bulevirtide (BLV) leads to beneficial virologic and biochemical responses when given alone to treat hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection, which causes the most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis. We evaluated 48 weeks of BLV monotherapy, BLV + tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and BLV + pegylated interferon alfa-2a (Peg-IFNα-2a), with 24-week follow-up.

Methods: Ninety patients were enrolled into six arms of 15 each (A-F); 60 patients were included in the main randomisation (arms A-D), and 30 patients (arms E-F) were randomised to the extension phase: (A) Peg-IFNα-2a 180 μg once weekly (QW); (B) BLV 2 mg once daily (QD) + Peg-IFNα-2a 180 μg QW; (C) BLV 5 mg QD + Peg-IFNα-2a 180 μg QW; (D) BLV 2 mg QD; (E) BLV 10 mg QD + Peg-IFNα-2a 180 μg QW and (F) BLV 10 mg (5 mg twice daily) + TDF QD.

Optimization of Extraction Process, Structural Characterization, and Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides From the Medicinal and Edible Plant: Cistanche deserticola Ma.

Introduction: Cistanche deserticola Ma (CD), an edible and medicinal plant native to Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Gansu in China, is rich in bioactive polysaccharides known for their health-promoting properties. The polysaccharides of C. deserticola (CDPs) have been shown to possess a range of beneficial activities, including immunomodulatory, anti-aging, antioxidant, and anti-osteoporosis effects.

Comprehensive Characterization of Overt Myelofibrosis in an Asian Cohort: Phenotype, Mutation Landscape and Discordance Among Scoring Systems.

Various prognostic scoring systems in myelofibrosis (MF) have been developed to guide clinical decision-making in MF. However, discrepancies between different scoring systems for individual patients remain poorly understood, which can result in conflicting treatment recommendations. Moreover, data regarding there applicability in Asian populations remain scarce.

Social support and online interaction and their links to psychosocial well-being among Nordic adolescents: Integrating variable-centered and person-centered approaches.

The Nordic countries are among the most digitally advanced societies in the world. Past research suggests that both social support offline and interaction online are linked to adolescent psychological adjustment. However, less is known regarding the complex implications of distinctive sources of social support offline and online interaction for a broader range of indices of adolescent psychosocial well-being, including its contemporary forms such as social media addiction.

WFDC3 sensitizes colorectal cancer to chemotherapy by regulating ATM/ATR kinase signaling pathway.

Chemoresistance is an ongoing challenge for colorectal cancer (CRC) that significantly compromises the anti-tumor efficacy of current drugs. Identifying effective targets or drugs for overcoming chemoresistance is urgently needed. Our previous study showed that WFDC3 served as a tumor suppressor that hindered CRC metastasis.