Uncertainty-aware automatic TNM staging classification for [F] Fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT reports for lung cancer utilising transformer-based language models and multi-task learning.

Background: [F] Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET-CT is a clinical imaging modality widely used in diagnosing and staging lung cancer. The clinical findings of PET-CT studies are contained within free text reports, which can currently only be categorised by experts manually reading them. Pre-trained transformer-based language models (PLMs) have shown success in extracting complex linguistic features from text.

Giant Duodenal Brunneroma: Report of a Rare Case and Review of the Literature.

BACKGROUND Brunneromas are among the rarest benign tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract. They arise from the Brunner's glands and patients have a good prognosis if treated timely and radically. Because symptoms are rare, their diagnosis can be challenging, especially regarding the smaller ones.

The Bronchodilator and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists in Asthma: An EAACI Position Paper.

As cholinergic innervation is a major contributor to increased vagal tone and mucus secretion, inhaled long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) are a pillar for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. By blocking the muscarinic receptors expressed in the lung, LAMA improve lung function and reduce exacerbations in asthma patients who remained poorly controlled despite treatment with inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2 agonists. Asthma guidelines recommend LAMA as a third controller to be added on before the initiation of biologicals.

Breaking Down the Barriers for Patients With Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Current Controversies and Challenges for Radiation Oncologists in 2024.

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are a rare collection of diseases, frequently associated with diagnostic challenges and complex management dilemmas. The multidisciplinary team is vital for accurate clinico-pathological diagnoses and for collaborative therapeutic decisions throughout the management journey, which frequently involves multiple lines of therapy. Radiotherapy (RT) is a highly effective skin-directed therapy for CTCL, commonly delivered as localised fields or as total skin electron beam therapy (TSEBT).

The impact of long axial field of view (LAFOV) PET on oncologic imaging.

The development of long axial field of view (LAFOV) positron emission tomography coupled with computed tomography (PET/CT) scanners might be considered the biggest step forward in PET imaging since it became a mainstream clinical modality. Despite increased capital and maintenance costs and data storage requirements, the improvement in image quality, significantly faster acquisition times and lower radiopharmaceutical administered activities, allow a high quality and more efficient clinical service. This step change in technology overcomes some of the limitations of standard short axial field of view scanners.

The impact of 3D real-IR delayed post gadolinium MRI parameterisation on the diagnostic performance and optimal descriptor selection in Ménière's disease.

Objectives: To compare the performance and optimal combination of MRI descriptors used for the diagnosis of Ménière's disease (MD) between a real-IR sequence with "zero-point" endolymph (ZPE), and an optimised real-IR sequence with negative signal endolymph (NSE).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective single-centre cross-sectional study evaluated delayed post-gadolinium ZPE and NSE real-IR MRI in consecutive patients with Ménièriform symptoms (8/2020-10/2023). Two observers assessed 14 MRI descriptors.

Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Reveals Cardiac Inflammation and Fibrosis in Symptomatic Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: Findings from the INSPIRE-CMR Multicenter Study.

. Post-coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients may develop cardiac symptoms. We hypothesized that cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can assess the background of post-COVID-19 cardiac symptoms using multi-parametric evaluation.

A framework for developing Generic Implant Safety Procedures (GISPs) for scanning patients with medical implants and devices in MRI.

UK guidelines for MR safety recommend that MRI departments refer to the implant manufacturer for advice regarding the MRI safety of scanning patients with an implantable medical device prior to scanning [1]. This process of assuring safety can be time consuming, leading to delays and potential cancellations of a patient's MRI. Furthermore, at times the implant cannot be identified, or the implant manufacturers cannot provide up to date MRI safety information.

Native mitral valve streptococcal endocarditis presenting as myocardial infarction and diagnosed with multimodality imaging.

A man in his 60s presented to the emergency department with central crushing chest pain on a background of a week's history of flu-like symptoms. An ECG demonstrated ischaemia with blood tests confirming myocardial injury; catheter angiography revealed an obstructed diagonal coronary artery. In addition, blood tests revealed elevated markers of inflammation, blood cultures grew and transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated a mitral valve lesion.

Virtual Reality for Preprocedure Planning of Covered Stent Correction of Superior Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defects.

Background: Covered stent correction (CSC) of a superior sinus venosus atrial septal defect is an alternative to surgery in selected patients, but anatomic variation means that assessment for CSC requires a 3-dimensional anatomic understanding. Heart VR is a virtual reality (VR) system that rapidly displays and renders multimodality imaging without prior image segmentation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Heart VR system to assess patient suitability for CSC.

Two cases of breast pseudoaneurysm following core biopsy: A very rare complication with different treatment options.

Introduction: Breast pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication following breast interventional procedures such as core biopsies and vacuum-assisted biopsies. The occurrence of pseudoaneurysm increases with the conditions of increased breast vascularity like cancer, pregnancy and lactation.

Case Report: We present two cases of pseudoaneurysm formation secondary to core biopsies of the breasts.

Rationale and design of the DEFIANCE study: A randomized controlled trial of mechanical thrombectomy versus anticoagulation alone for iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis.

Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common medical condition that is associated with clinically significant sequelae, including postthrombotic syndrome (PTS). Anticoagulation alone remains the guideline-recommended treatment for many patients with iliofemoral DVT. Recent technological advances have led to an increase in the use of mechanical thrombectomy for DVT, but mechanical thrombectomy-based procedures have not yet been compared with standard-of-care anticoagulation therapy in randomized studies.

BCL11A intellectual developmental disorder: defining the clinical spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlations.

An increasing number of individuals with intellectual developmental disorder (IDD) and heterozygous variants in BCL11A are identified, yet our knowledge of manifestations and mutational spectrum is lacking. To address this, we performed detailed analysis of 42 individuals with BCL11A-related IDD (BCL11A-IDD, a.k.

Deep-learning CT imaging algorithm to detect usual interstitial pneumonia pattern in patients with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease: association with disease progression and survival.

Objectives: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the most common cause of death in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), although disease behavior is highly heterogeneous. While a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern is associated with worse survival in other ILDs, its significance in SSc-ILD is unclear. We sought to assess the prognostic utility of a deep-learning HRCT algorithm of UIP probability in SSc-ILD.

Correlation of the treatment sensitivity of patient-derived organoids with treatment outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer (SOTO): protocol for a prospective observational study.

Introduction: Organoids have been successfully used in several areas of cancer research and large living biobanks of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) have been developed from various malignancies. The characteristics of the original tumour tissue such as mutation signatures, phenotype and genetic diversity are well preserved in organoids, thus showing promising results for the use of this model in translational research. In this study, we aim to assess whether we can generate PDOs from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) samples and whether PDOs can be used to predict treatment sensitivity in HNSCC patients as well as to explore potential biomarkers.

Noninvasive diagnostic modalities and prediction models for detecting pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease: a narrative review.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is highly prevalent in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Widely available noninvasive screening tools are warranted to identify patients at risk for PH, especially severe PH, that could be managed at expert centres. This review summarises current evidence on noninvasive diagnostic modalities and prediction models for the timely detection of PH in patients with ILD.