Development of a Radiomic Model to Detect the Retromolar Canal on Panoramic Radiographs.

Background: The retromolar canal (RMC) is an extension of the mandibular canal located in the distal region of the mandibular third molar. Accurately detecting the RMC using conventional two-dimensional images is challenging, potentially leading to anesthetic failure and sensory disorders. This study aims to explore the clinical application of a radiomic model based on panoramic radiographs in detecting the RMC.

Modulatory role of exogenous arachidonic acid in periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus mice.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibits a bidirectional relationship with periodontitis, wherein each condition influences the progression of the other. Arachidonic acid (AA) exerts an anti-diabetic effect, while showing a protective effect by regulating the inflammatory response independently of its metabolites. However, its impact on periodontitis with T2DM remains poorly understood.

Left Ventricle Myocardial Remodeling Following Septal Myectomy in Patients with Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Left ventricular (LV) reverse myocardial remodeling occurs following septal myectomy in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), but it remains unclear whether diffuse fibrosis is reversible during this period. Extracellular volume fraction (ECV) and indexed extracellular volume (iECV) are important surrogate markers of diffuse myocardial fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate whether diffuse myocardial fibrosis in HOCM can regress after myectomy.

CV1-secreting sCAR-T cells potentiate the abscopal effect of microwave ablation in heterogeneous tumors.

Microwave ablation (MWA) triggers a weak systemic immune response that leads to the abscopal regression of distant metastases while killing local tumors, known as the abscopal effect. Combining MWA with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells demonstrates promise in enhancing the abscopal effect in antigen-homogeneous tumors. However, the loss of the antigen recognized by CAR or intrinsic antigenic heterogeneity in solid tumors poses a major obstacle.

Intraindividual crossover comparison of gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced and gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI for characterizing focal liver lesions.

Background: Gadobenate and gadoxetate are hepatobiliary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. We intraindividually compared these two agents for the characterization of focal liver lesions (FLLs).

Methods: A total of 140 adult subjects were randomized to undergo two 3-T MRI exams separated by 7-14 days, one with 0.

Computed tomography radiomics-based combined model for predicting thymoma risk subgroups: a multicenter retrospective study.

Rationale And Objectives: Accurately distinguishing histological subtypes and risk categorization of thymomas is difficult. To differentiate the histologic risk categories of thymomas, we developed a combined radiomics model based on non-enhanced and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) radiomics, clinical, and semantic features.

Materials And Methods: In total, 360 patients with pathologically-confirmed thymomas who underwent CT examinations were retrospectively recruited from three centers.

Three-dimensional MR elastography-based stiffness for assessing the status of Ki67 proliferation index and Cytokeratin-19 in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objectives: To investigate the potential diagnostic value of MR elastography (MRE)-based stiffness to noninvasively predict the status of Ki67 proliferation index (PI) and Cytokeratin-19 (CK19) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: Two hundred and nineteen patients with histologically proven HCCs (high/low Ki67 PI, N = 134/85; +/-CK19, N = 47/172) who underwent preoperative MRI and MRE examinations were retrospectively enrolled. Imaging features and clinical information were analyzed to develop the clinical-radiologic models.

Tailored Liposomal Nanomedicine Suppresses Incomplete Radiofrequency Ablation-Induced Tumor Relapse by Reprogramming Antitumor Immunity.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), a thermoablative treatment for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has limited therapeutic benefit for advanced HCC patients with large, multiple, and/or irregular tumors owing to incomplete RFA (iRFA) of the tumor mass. It is first identified that iRFA-treated tumors exhibited increased pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) expression, exacerbated tumor immunosuppression featured with increased tumor infiltration of suppressive immune cells and increased proliferation, and programmed cell death ligand 1 expression of cancer cell and ultimately a poor prognosis. Herein, a multifunctional nanomedicine is fabricated by encapsulating nanoassemblies of anti-PD-L1 and spermidine-grafted oxidized dextran with shikonin-containing lipid bilayers to reverse iRFA-induced treatment failure.

Induction chemotherapy followed by camrelizumab plus apatinib and chemotherapy as first-line treatment for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a multicenter, single-arm trial.

Chemo-immunotherapy is the current first-line treatment for patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), but survival benefits are modest. We aimed to evaluate the safety, antitumor activity and biomarkers of first-line camrelizumab and apatinib plus chemotherapy in untreated ES-SCLC patients. In this single-arm trial (ClinicalTrials.

Thermally adaptive iohexol-loaded microcages for local computerized tomography.

As one of the most used non-invasive imaging modalities, X-ray computed tomography (CT) has many outstanding advantages, but its wide application is still limited owing to various defects of its contrast agents, such as their short retention time, non-specific distribution, and potential nephrotoxicity. Herein, a non-ionic poly(acrylamide--acrylonitrile) copolymer with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) was utilized to construct novel thermo-responsive microcages (MCs) with a hydrodynamic size of 5-10 μm, which is slightly less than the diameter of a blood vessel, for targeted CT imaging. These MCs exhibited excellent thermo-responsive capability, featuring the appropriate UCST value between 35-40 °C.

Chinese clinical practice guidelines for pediatric split liver transplantation.

Liver transplantation is an effective treatment for end-stage liver disease in children, and its clinical efficacy has been validated. Split liver transplantation (SLT) can effectively expand the donor liver pool for children. SLT for children has unique clinical characteristics and principles.

Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) regulates liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Background And Aim: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a significant challenge in liver transplantation, trauma, hypovolemic shock, and hepatectomy, with limited effective interventions available. This study aimed to investigate the role of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) in hepatic IRI and assess the therapeutic potential of Lect2-short hairpin RNA (shRNA) delivered through adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors.

Materials And Methods: This study analyzed human liver and serum samples from five patients undergoing the Pringle maneuver.

Multimodal radiopathological integration for prognosis and prediction of adjuvant chemotherapy benefit in resectable lung adenocarcinoma: A multicentre study.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has a heterogeneous prognosis and controversial postoperative treatment protocols. We aim to develop and validate a multimodal analysis framework that integrates CT images with H&E-stained whole-slide images (WSIs) to enhance risk stratification and predict adjuvant chemotherapy benefit in LUAD patients. We retrospectively collected data from 1039 resectable LUAD patients (stage I-III) across four centres, forming a training dataset (n = 303), two testing datasets (n = 197 and n = 228) for survival analysis, and a feature testing dataset (n = 311) for interpretability analysis.

Augmented reality in preoperative anterolateral thigh flap perforators positioning: A pilot diagnostic study.

Background: The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is the primary choice for healthy and vascularized soft-tissue coverage for appendicular and axial soft tissue reconstruction, especially in the head and neck regions. Nonetheless, there is substantial anatomic variation in ALT perforators that affect flap integrity, survival rates, and donor-site morbidity. Regardless of the ALT flap type, accurate location of perforators can greatly improve surgical success rates and reduce the risk of secondary surgeries.

Validation and development of a refined M1 category for nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on the version-nine of AJCC/UICC TNM staging system in the immunotherapy era: A multicenter cohort study.

Objective: To evaluate the applicability of the M1 category of the version-nine of AJCC/UICC TNM staging system (TNM-9) for M1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (M1-NPC) in immunotherapy era and propose potential refinements.

Methods: M1-NPC patients who underwent palliative chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) between January 2019 and June 2023 across five institutions were included and re-staged according to TNM-9. Overall survival (OS) and Progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed.

Development and evaluation of the mrTE scoring system for MRI-detected tumor deposits and extramural venous invasion in rectal cancer.

Purpose: Tumor deposits (TDs) and extramural venous invasion (EMVI) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) are MRI-detectable markers that reflect the invasive and metastatic potential of tumors. However, both mrTDs and mrEMVI are closely associated with peritumoral vascular signals, and they show a high degree of statistical correlation. We developed a novel scoring system that integrates mrTDs and mrEMVI into a single parameter, simplifying the assessment process and capturing the prognostic value of both factors simultaneously.

EBF1-induced CSRP2 boosts the progression of B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia by inhibiting ferroptosis.

B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL) is a highly aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. Developing diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets to identify and treat B-ALL early would improve the outcomes of B-ALL patients. Here, we conducted RNA next-generation sequencing using bone marrow (BM) specimens obtained from 7 B-ALL patients and 7 healthy donors.

Association between fibrinogen and cognitive impairment in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

Objectives: Fibrinogen has been reported as a potential risk factor for vascular dementia (VaD). However, the association between fibrinogen and cognition in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) has not been studied adequately. We aimed to examine the association of fibrinogen with cognitive impairment among patients with ICVD and to test whether white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and brain atrophy play a role under the association.

Comparison of Tubridge and Pipeline Embolisation Devices in intracranial aneurysms: a multicentre, propensity-matching analysis on the patency of branch vessels.

To compare the impact of two flow diverter devices (Pipeline Embolization Device [PED] and Tubridge Embolization Device [TED]) on branch vessels patency in intracranial aneurysm treatment, with specific focus on branch vessel outcomes and clinical safety. A retrospective analysis of 320 patients with 430 aneurysms and 602 covered branches treated with PED or TED was conducted. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and group comparisons.

Integrating shear wave elastography and multiparametric MRI for accurate prostate cancer diagnosis.

Objective: To develop a risk prediction model for prostate cancer (PCa) by integrating Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) with Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI), thereby improving screening accuracy and specificity while reducing unnecessary invasive procedures.

Methods: A total of 479 patients who visited Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital between May 2019 and July 2023 were included in this retrospective study, with 162 diagnosed with PCa. The patients were randomly divided into a training set (349 cases) and a validation set (130 cases).

Copper in cancer: friend or foe? Metabolism, dysregulation, and therapeutic opportunities.

Copper, one of the essential nutrients for the human body, acts as an electron relay in multiple pathways due to its redox properties. Both deficiencies and excesses of copper lead to cellular fragility. Therefore, it can manifest pro- and anti-cancer properties in tumors.

Experimental study of iodine-131 labeling of a novel tumor-targeting peptide, TFMP-Y4, in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with internal irradiation.

Objective: To explore and compare the value of I-TFMP-Y4 and I-Caerin 1.1 in internal irradiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods: (1) 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) analysis revealed the inhibitory effects of Caerin 1.

Application of the three-phase T1-derived model in staging liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis: a comparative study with magnetic resonance elastography.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of a three-phase T1-derived model in staging liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis, in comparison with magnetic resonance elastography (MRE).

Methods: A total of 174 patients with chronic hepatitis were enrolled. The acquisition of three-phase longitudinal relaxation times (T1-Unenh = A, T1-DLP = B, T1HBP = C) from magnetic resonance enhancement examinations, as well as magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and liver biopsy information for patients.

Advanced image-identified extranodal extension of retropharyngeal lymph nodes in the refinement of N classification for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Advanced extranodal extension (ENE) in cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) increases the risk of distant metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The 9th NPC staging system classifies N1/N2 patients with advanced CLN ENE as N3 due to similar outcomes. However, the prognostic impact of advanced ENE in retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RLNs) remains unclear.

Combining immune checkpoint inhibitors and molecular-targeted agents with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with inferior vena cava and/or right atrium tumor thrombus.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma with inferior vena cava and/or right atrium tumor thrombus (HCC-IVC/RATT) has a poor prognosis and lacks evidence for standard first-line systemic therapy. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of three therapeutic regimens in HCC-IVC/RATT: immune checkpoint inhibitors plus molecular-targeted agents (ICI-MTA), hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC), and their combination (ICI-MTA-HAIC).

Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included consecutive HCC-IVC/RATT who received ICI-MTA-HAIC, ICI-MTA, or HAIC from June 2015 to December 2023.