Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with lenvatinib and immune checkpoint inhibitor versus lenvatinib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter study with propensity score and coarsened exact matching.

Purpose: Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) combined with lenvatinib (Len) and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) in treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still needs further confirmation. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of HAIC combined with Len and ICI (HAIC + Len + ICI) versus Len alone in advanced HCC.

Methods: A total of 290 patients in Len group and 349 patients in HAIC + Len + ICI group were analysed.

Efficacy and safety of cadonilimab (PD-1/CTLA-4 bispecific) in combination with chemotherapy in anti-PD-1-resistant recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a single-arm, open-label, phase 2 trial.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cadonilimab (anti-PD-1 and CTLA-4 bispecific antibody) plus TPC chemotherapy (NAB-paclitaxel, cisplatin or lobaplatin, and capecitabine) in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (RM-NPC) who failed to PD-1 inhibitor-containing regimens.

Methods: In this single-arm, open-label, phase 2 study, RM-NPC patients who failed to at least one line of systemic chemotherapy and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy were enrolled and received cadonilimab plus TPC chemotherapy every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles, followed by cadonilimab plus capecitabine every 3 weeks for a maximum of 2 years. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR).

A comprehensive dataset of magnetic resonance enterography images with intestinal segment annotations.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a recurrent bowel disease that usually requires magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) for diagnosis and monitoring. However, recognition of bowel segments from MRE images by a radiologist is challenging and time-consuming. Deep learning-based medical image segmentation has shown the potential to reduce manual effort and provide automated tools to assist in disease management; however, it requires a large-scale fine-annotated dataset for training.

Beyond the tumor region: Peritumoral radiomics enhances prognostic accuracy in locally advanced rectal cancer.

Background: The peritumoral region possesses attributes that promote cancer growth and progression. However, the potential prognostic biomarkers in this region remain relatively underexplored in radiomics.

Aim: To investigate the prognostic value and importance of peritumoral radiomics in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).

Individualized therapy guided by single-cell sequencing in anti-GABAR encephalitis.

We presented a patient with refractory anti-GABA-R encephalitis, and constructed libraries for single-cell sequencing from the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), cerebrospinal fluid cells, as well as four healthy volunteer's PBMCs. A distinct group of monoclonal CD8 T cells and an abnormal JAK-STAT signaling pathway was implicated in the disease. The cross-reactive protein LIM-domain-only protein 5 (LMO5) identified in the patient's thymoma, prompted the activation of the specific CD8 T cells.

Correlation of noninvasive imaging of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes with survival and BCG immunotherapy response in patients with bladder cancer: a multicentre cohort study.

Background: Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are strongly correlated with the prognosis and immunotherapy response in bladder cancer. The TIL status is typically assessed through microscopy as part of tissue pathology. Here, the authors developed Rad-TIL model, a novel radiomics model, to predict TIL status in patients with bladder cancer.

Intratumoral and peritumoral ultrasound-based radiomics for preoperative prediction of HER2-low breast cancer: a multicenter retrospective study.

Objectives: Recent advances in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapies have opened up new therapeutic options for HER2-low cancers. This study aimed to establish an ultrasound-based radiomics model to identify three different HER2 states noninvasively.

Methods: Between May 2018 and December 2023, a total of 1257 invasive breast cancer patients were enrolled from three hospitals.

The effects of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) on resting-state brain entropy (BEN).

Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), a novel protocol within repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), has shown superior therapeutic effects for depression compared to conventional high-frequency rTMS (HF-rTMS). However, the neural mechanisms underlying iTBS remain poorly understood. Brain entropy (BEN), a measure of the irregularity of brain activity, has recently emerged as a promising marker for regional brain function and has demonstrated sensitivity to depression and HF-rTMS.

[Effect of inhaled corticosteroids on airway remodeling in patients with mild asthma].

To evaluate the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on airway remodeling in patients with mild asthma. In this single-arm, open-label, single-center, prospective exploratory study, we enrolled patients with mild asthma from January 2019 to December 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University. A total of 15 patients with mild asthma were included in this study.

Prognostic and predictive values of a multimodal nomogram incorporating tumor and peritumor morphology with immune status in resectable lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Current prognostic and predictive biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) predominantly rely on unimodal approaches, limiting their characterization ability. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive and accurate biomarker to guide individualized adjuvant therapy decisions.

Methods: In this retrospective study, data from patients with resectable LUAD (stage I-III) were collected from two hospitals and a publicly available dataset, forming a training dataset (n=223), a validation dataset (n=95), a testing dataset (n=449), and the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Radiogenomics dataset (n=59).

Long Term Outcomes of Endovascular Treatment for Retrograde Ascending Aortic Dissection.

Objective: The optimal treatment for retrograde ascending aortic dissection (rAAD) remains unclear. In this study, the long term clinical outcomes of endovascular treatment for rAAD were retrospectively investigated, and haemodynamic remodelling of the ascending aorta was analysed.

Methods: This retrospective, single centre study analysed clinical data of rAAD cases treated with endovascular therapy from 2001 - 2020.

Rethinking mitosis detection: Towards diverse data and feature representation for better domain generalization.

Mitosis detection is one of the fundamental tasks in computational pathology, which is extremely challenging due to the heterogeneity of mitotic cell. Most of the current studies solve the heterogeneity in the technical aspect by increasing the model complexity. However, lacking consideration of the biological knowledge and the complex model design may lead to the overfitting problem while limited the generalizability of the detection model.

Efficacy and Safety of Transarterial Chemoembolization Combined with Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy Plus Lenvatinib for Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma Beyond Up-To-Seven: A Multicentre, Retrospective Propensity Score Matching Analysis.

Background: Previous LAUNCH trial revealed the promising effectiveness of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with lenvatinib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, most intermediate-stage HCC exceeds the up-to-seven criteria, limiting their potential TACE benefits. Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) was widely endorsed for delivering substantial survival benefits for high tumor burden HCC, outperforming TACE.

Cognitive impairment assessed by static and dynamic changes of spontaneous brain activity during end stage renal disease patients on early hemodialysis.

Background: Compared with the general population, patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (ESHD) exhibit a higher incidence of cognitive impairment. Early identification of cognitive impairment in these patients is crucial for reducing disability and mortality rates. Examining the characteristics of static and dynamic regional spontaneous activities in ESHD cases may provide insights into neuropathological damage in these patients.

CT Differentiation and Prognostic Modeling in COVID-19 and Influenza A Pneumonia.

Rationale And Objectives: This study aimed to compare CT features of COVID-19 and Influenza A pneumonia, develop a diagnostic differential model, and explore a prognostic model for lesion resolution.

Materials And Methods: A total of 446 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and 80 with Influenza A pneumonitis underwent baseline chest CT evaluation. Logistic regression analysis was conducted after multivariate analysis and the results were presented as nomograms.

Immunity/metabolism dual-regulation via an acidity-triggered bioorthogonal assembly nanoplatform enhances glioblastoma immunotherapy by targeting CXCL12/CXCR4 and adenosine-A2AR pathways.

Blocking the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-12/C-X-C motif chemokine receptor-4 (CXCL12/CXCR4) signal offers the potential to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) and enhance immunotherapy of glioblastoma (GBM). However, traditional intracellular targeted delivery strategies and adenosine-mediated tumor immunosuppression limit its therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we present an acidity-triggered self-assembly nanoplatform based on bioorthogonal reaction to potentiate GBM immunotherapy through dual regulation of metabolism and immune pathways.

Development and validation of a radiomics model for detecting cardiac amyloidosis at coronary CT angiography.

Aims: To investigate the diagnostic performance of CT-based radiomics in detecting cardiac amyloidosis (CA) in patients with diffuse myocardial thickening.

Methods And Results: Patients with diffuse myocardial thickening who underwent coronary CT angiography were retrospectively enrolled from five hospitals. Patients from one hospital were randomly divided into training and internal test cohorts at a 7:3 ratio, and the other 4 hospitals constituted the external test cohort.

Application of TransUnet Deep Learning Model for Automatic Segmentation of Cervical Cancer in Small-Field T2WI Images.

Effective segmentation of cervical cancer tissue from magnetic resonance (MR) images is crucial for automatic detection, staging, and treatment planning of cervical cancer. This study develops an innovative deep learning model to enhance the automatic segmentation of cervical cancer lesions. We obtained 4063 T2WI small-field sagittal, coronal, and oblique axial images from 222 patients with pathologically confirmed cervical cancer.

A novel prognostic model utilizing TMTV and SUVmax from F-FDG PET/CT for predicting overall survival in patients with extranodal NK/T- cell lymphoma.

Background: Survival prediction accuracy of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) in extra-nodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of F-FDG PET/CT parameters including maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and to develop a new prognostic model for ENKTL.

Methods: We analyzed 390 ENKTL patients with comprehensive clinical and survival data.

Transcatheter annuloplasty with the K-Clip system for tricuspid regurgitation: one-year results from the TriStar study.

Background: Despite the fact that morbidity and mortality rates significantly increase with tricuspid regurgitation (TR) severity, limited treatment options are available for treating severe TR.

Aims: The single-arm, multicentre, prospective Confirmatory Clinical Study of Treating Tricuspid Regurgitation With K-Clip TM Transcatheter Annuloplasty System (TriStar) evaluated the 1-year outcomes of the novel transcatheter K-Clip annuloplasty system in treating secondary TR.

Methods: Between May 2022 and October 2022, patients with ≥severe secondary TR despite optimal medical therapy at 11 centres in China were deemed candidates for transcatheter tricuspid repair by the local Heart Team and a multidisciplinary screening committee.

Development of a rabbit model for adrenoleukodystrophy: A pilot study on gene therapy using rAAV9.

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a common peroxisomal disorder caused by mutations in the gene, leading to the accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). This progressive neurodegenerative disease manifests in three primary forms: childhood-acquired cerebral demyelination (CALD), adult myelopathy (AMN), and primary adrenal cortical insufficiency. Bone marrow transplantation effectively halts disease progression only in the early stages of CALD.

Quantitative vascular feature-based multimodality prediction model for multi-origin malignant cervical lymphadenopathy.

Background: The precise prediction of multi-origin malignant cervical lymphadenopathy is limited by the low inter-reader reproducibility of imaging interpretation, and a quantitative method to improve this aspect is lacking. This study aimed to develop and validate an artificial intelligence framework integrating quantitative vascular features for assessing cervical lymphadenopathy and explore its utility among radiologists.

Methods: For this retrospective study, a total of 21,298 ultrasound images of 10,649 cervical lymph nodes (LNs) from 10,386 patients and 2366 images of 1183 LNs from 1151 patients at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between January 2011 and July 2022 were used for model development and internal testing, respectively.

10-year trajectories of triglyceride-glucose index and progression of vertebrobasilar artery stenosis: A multicenter hospital-based prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Background: The association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and the atherosclerosis has been validated by numerous evidences. However, the prospective relationship between long-term dynamic changes in the TyG index and the progression of vertebrobasilar artery (VBA) atherosclerotic plaques remained unclear.

Methods: This multicenter, hospital-based, prospective longitudinal cohort study included 1,336 patients with suspected stroke from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2022.

Unveiling the Role of Alkyl Chain in Boosting Antibacterial Selectivity and Cell Biocompatibility.

Cationic amphiphiles have been demonstrated to be superior targeted antibacterial agents whose antibacterial activity exhibits a close relationship with their alkyl chain substituents. However, a systematic and deep investigation of the structure-property relationship is still pending. Meanwhile, cationic amphiphiles have a risk of accumulating in living mammalian cells, which poses a great threat to biosafety and clinical applications.