Early release of circulating tumor cells after transarterial chemoembolization hinders therapeutic response in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the first-line therapeutic option for patients with intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Tumor neovascularization allows tumor growth and may facilitate the release of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to the bloodstream after TACE. We investigated the relationship between early release of CTCs and radiological response after TACE.

Nomogram based on dual-energy computed tomography to predict the response to induction chemotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a two-center study.

Background: Previous studies utilizing dual-energy CT (DECT) for evaluating treatment efficacy in nasopharyngeal cancinoma (NPC) are limited. This study aimed to investigate whether the parameters from DECT can predict the response to induction chemotherapy in NPC patients in two centers.

Methods: This two-center retrospective study included patients diagnosed with NPC who underwent contrast-enhanced DECT between March 2019 and November 2023.

A child with Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis and celiac disease: accidental association or two different aspects of the same condition?

Background: Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis (CNO) is a rare auto-inflammatory disease that mainly affects children, and manifests with single or multiple painful bone lesions. Due to the lack of specific laboratory markers, CNO diagnosis is a matter of exclusion from different conditions, first and foremost bacterial osteomyelitis and malignancies. Whole Body Magnetic Resonance (WBMR) and bone biopsy are the gold standard for the diagnosis.

Multiomics unravels the complexity of male obesity: a prospective observational study.

Background: Obesity is associated with varying degrees of metabolic dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to discover markers of the severity of metabolic impairment in men with obesity via a multiomics approach.

Methods: Thirty-two morbidly men with obesity who were candidates for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery were prospectively followed.

Staging of esophageal cancer using PET/MRI: a systematic review with head-to-head comparison.

Purpose: To evaluate the staging performance of positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) for confirmed esophageal cancer based on the TNM classification system as well as compare it to other alternative modalities (e.g., endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), computed tomography (CT), MRI, and PET/CT) in a full head-to-head manner.

Assessment of cardiac iron deposition and genotypic classification in pediatric beta-thalassemia major: the role of cardiac MRI.

Background: Beta thalassemia major (β-TM) is a severe genetic anemia with considerable phenotypic heterogeneity. This study investigated whether genotype correlates with distinct myocardial iron overload patterns, assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) T2* values.

Methods: CMR data for cardiac iron deposition evaluation, which recruited pediatric participants between January 2021 and December 2024, were analyzed with CVI42.

Distinct Circle of Willis anatomical configurations in healthy preterm born adults: a 3D time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography study.

Background: Preterm birth (< 37 weeks' gestation) alters cerebrovascular development due to the premature transition from a foetal to postnatal circulatory system, with potential implications for future cerebrovascular health. This study aims to explore potential differences in the Circle of Willis (CoW), a key arterial ring that perfuses the brain, of healthy adults born preterm.

Methods: A total of 255 participants (108 preterm, 147 full-term) were included in the analysis.

Decoding pan-cancer treatment outcomes using multimodal real-world data and explainable artificial intelligence.

Despite advances in precision oncology, clinical decision-making still relies on limited variables and expert knowledge. To address this limitation, we combined multimodal real-world data and explainable artificial intelligence (xAI) to introduce AI-derived (AID) markers for clinical decision support. We used xAI to decode the outcome of 15,726 patients across 38 solid cancer entities based on 350 markers, including clinical records, image-derived body compositions, and mutational tumor profiles.

Renal dysfunction contributes to deteriorated survival outcomes in patients with upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding: insights from a cohort study of 1160 cases.

Both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease are risk factors for many outcomes of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). These are associated with higher mortality, longer hospitalisation, and greater need for transfusion in case of overt GIB. Our study aimed to further evaluate the role of kidney function in several clinical outcomes of GIB patients.

Noninvasive imaging biomarker reveals invisible microscopic variation in acute ischaemic stroke (≤ 24 h): a multicentre retrospective study.

To develop and validate non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT)-based radiomics method combines machine learning (ML) to investigate invisible microscopic acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) lesions. We retrospectively analyzed 1122 patients from August 2015 to July 2022, whose were later confirmed AIS by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). However, receiving a negative result was reported by radiologists according to the NCCT images.

Applying YOLOv6 as an ensemble federated learning framework to classify breast cancer pathology images.

The most common carcinoma-related cause of death among women is breast cancer. Early detection is crucial, and the manual screening method may lead to a delayed diagnosis, which would delay treatment and put lives at risk. Mammography imaging is advised for routine screening to diagnose breast cancer at an early stage.

Deep mutational scanning of the Trypanosoma brucei developmental regulator RBP6 reveals an essential disordered region influenced by positive residues.

To regain infectivity, Trypanosoma brucei, the pathogen causing Human and Animal African trypanosomiasis, undergoes a complex developmental program within the tsetse fly known as metacyclogenesis. RNA-binding protein 6 (RBP6) is a potent orchestrator of this process, however, an understanding of its functionally important domains and their mutational constraints is lacking. Here, we perform deep mutational scanning of the entire RBP6 primary structure.

Understanding metastasis mixed-treatment responses through genomic analyses.

Early-stage and metastatic breast cancers (MBC) can exhibit genomic heterogeneity, even within the same individual. Response to therapy in metastatic breast cancer patients with multiple metastases can also be heterogeneous, with different degrees of responsiveness to the same drug(s) across metastatic sites, termed "mixed response," within the same patient. Whether this treatment response variability is influenced by factors such as intrinsic tumor characteristics of metastatic lesions and/or the microenvironment is unknown.

Flexible and wireless metasurface coils for knee and elbow MRI.

Background: Metasurface coils (MCs) are a promising magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology. Aiming to evaluate the image quality of MCs for knee and elbow imaging, we compared signal-to-noise ratio (SNRs) obtained in standard clinical setups.

Methods: Knee and elbow MRI routine sequences were applied at 1.

Abdominal and Pelvic MRI Protocol Prediction Using Natural Language Processing.

Exam protocoling is a significant non-interpretive task burden for radiologists. The purpose of this work was to develop a natural language processing (NLP) artificial intelligence (AI) solution for automated protocoling of standard abdomen and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams from basic associated order information and patient metadata. This Institutional Review Board exempt retrospective study used de-identified metadata from consecutive adult abdominal and pelvic MRI scans performed at our institution spanning 2.

Positive Lymph Node Status Before and After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Improves Prediction of Disease-Free Survival in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients.

Background: This study proposes a modified lymph node (LN) staging category (BALN) on the basis of the number of positive LNs before (prepN) and after (ypN) neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) to improve prognostic stratification in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Patients And Methods: A total of 381 patients with ESCC who underwent nCRT at three medical centers were retrospectively enrolled. The ypN categories were scored according to the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee of Cancer (AJCC) staging manual.

Neuroprotective effects of phytochemicals through autophagy modulation in ischemic stroke.

Stroke is a serious life-threatening medical condition. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of this condition is crucial to identifying novel therapeutic targets that can improve patient outcomes. Autophagy is an essential mechanism for the destruction of damaged intracellular components that maintains homeostasis in physiological or pathological conditions.

Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance recommendations toward environmentally sustainable cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

Delivery of health care, including medical imaging, generates substantial global greenhouse gas emissions. The cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) community has an opportunity to decrease our carbon footprint, mitigate the effects of the climate crisis, and develop resiliency to current and future impacts of climate change. The goal of this document is to review and recommend actions and strategies to allow for CMR operation with improved sustainability, including efficient CMR protocols and CMR imaging workflow strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, energy, and waste, and to decrease reliance on finite resources, including helium and waterbody contamination by gadolinium-based contrast agents.

An overview of radiography research and publication productivity in Denmark.

Objectives: This paper presents the progress of publications with Danish radiographers in scientific journals. The objective was to gain an overview of research in radiography in Denmark by exploring how publications with radiographer involvement have evolved over time in Denmark. We conducted a literature search on February 20th 2024 to identify papers authored or co-authored by Danish radiographers over the past thirteen years.

3D evaluation of changes in mandibular condyle morphology following orthognathic surgery in patients with maxillomandibular asymmetry: A retrospective study.

Symmetry is integral for the balance and function of the craniofacial complex and making precise diagnosis of asymmetric craniofacial structures is crucial for treatment planning. This study focuses on maxillomandibular asymmetry, examining its impact on condylar resorption and trabecular bone morphology changes following orthognathic surgery. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of patients with and without asymmetry were analyzed pre- and post-surgery.

Evaluation of navigation and robotic systems for percutaneous image-guided interventions: A novel metric for advanced imaging and artificial intelligence integration.

Purpose: Navigation and robotic systems aim to improve the accuracy and efficiency of percutaneous image-guided interventions, but the evaluation of their autonomy and integration of advanced imaging and artificial intelligence (AI) is lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of automation and integration of advanced imaging and artificial intelligence in navigation and robotic systems for percutaneous image-guided interventions, using established and novel metrics to categorize and compare their capabilities.

Materials And Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted to identify studies on clinically validated navigation and robotic systems published between 2000 and May 2024.

Balloon-mounted versus self-expandable stent in failed neurothrombectomy: a post hoc analysis of the SAINT study.

Background: Previous studies have shown that when thrombectomy has failed, rescue intracranial stenting is associated with better clinical outcomes compared with failed reperfusion. However, comparative data regarding stent type are lacking.

Objective: To compare the procedural and clinical outcomes of balloon-mounted stents (BMS) with those of self-expandable stents (SES).