Bonn call for action and the unfinished task of radiation protection of children and adolescents in low and middle-income countries: A focus on Sub-Saharan Africa.

Objectives: The Bonn call for action, with the theme: "Setting the scene for the next decade," was declared over nine years ago to strengthen radiation protection in medicine. This study reviews key actions and activities related to radiation protection of children and adolescents consistent with the Bonn call for action in sub-Saharan Africa to highlight progress and identify existing gaps.

Key Findings: A lot has happened since the declaration of the Bonn call-for-action such as a follow-up conference in 2017 on achieving change in the practice of radiation protection.

Variabilities of gallbladder contraction indices and a simple regression model for gallbladder and gastric emptying ratio.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to assess the variabilities of gallbladder contraction indices (GBCI) and derive a predictive model for gallbladder and gastric motility.

Methods: The gallbladder volume and gastric antral measurements were obtained from 24 healthy male volunteers in preprandial and post-milk ingestion states. After preprandial measurement of the gallbladder volume and gastric antral area, each subject ingested 157 ml of full cream milk and 30 cl of ion-free water.