Professional-patient discrepancies in assessing lung cancer radiotherapy symptoms: An international multicentre study.

Background And Purpose: We investigate discrepancies in the assessment of treatment-related symptoms in lung cancer between healthcare professionals and patients, and factors contributing to these discrepancies.

Materials And Methods: Data from 515 participants in the REQUITE study were analysed. Five symptoms (cough, dyspnoea, bronchopulmonary haemorrhage, chest wall pain, dysphagia) were evaluated both before and after radiotherapy.

Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers of Oligometastatic NSCLC: New Insights and Clinical Applications.

This review discusses the current data on predictive and prognostic biomarkers in oligometastatic NSCLC and discusses whether biomarkers identified in other stages and widespread metastatic disease can be extrapolated to the oligometastatic disease (OMD) setting. Research is underway to explore the prognostic and predictive value of biological attributes of tumor tissue, circulating cells, the tumor microenvironment, and imaging findings as biomarkers of oligometastatic NSCLC. Biomarkers that help define true OMD and predict outcomes are needed for patient selection for oligometastatic treatment, and to avoid futile treatments in patients that will not benefit from locoregional treatment.

Prediction of new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with curative-intent conventional radiotherapy.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important side effect of thoracic Radiotherapy (RT), which may impair quality of life and survival. This study aimed to develop a prediction model for new-onset AF in patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) receiving RT alone or as a part of their multi-modal treatment.

Patients And Methods: Patients with stage I-IV NSCLC treated with curative-intent conventional photon RT were included.

Predicting the risk of neurocognitive decline after brain irradiation in adult patients with a primary brain tumor.

Background: Deterioration of neurocognitive function in adult patients with a primary brain tumor is the most concerning side effect of radiotherapy. This study aimed to develop and evaluate normal-tissue complication probability (NTCP) models using clinical and dose-volume measures for 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year Neurocognitive Decline (ND) postradiotherapy.

Methods: A total of 219 patients with a primary brain tumor treated with radical photon and/or proton radiotherapy (RT) between 2019 and 2022 were included.

Trends and Variation in the Use of Radiotherapy in Non-metastatic Rectal Cancer: a 14-year Nationwide Overview from the Netherlands.

Aims: This study describes nationwide primary radiotherapy utilisation trends for non-metastasised rectal cancer in the Netherlands between 2008 and 2021. In 2014, both colorectal cancer screening and a new guideline specifying prognostic risk groups for neoadjuvant treatment were implemented.

Materials And Methods: Patients with non-metastasised rectal cancer in 2008-2021 (n = 37 510) were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry and classified into prognostic risk groups.

Cachexia and Sarcopenia in Oligometastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Making a Potential Curable Disease Incurable?

Among patients with advanced NSCLC, there is a group of patients with synchronous oligometastatic disease (sOMD), defined as a limited number of metastases detected at the time of diagnosis. As cachexia and sarcopenia are linked to poor survival, incorporating this information could assist clinicians in determining whether a radical treatment should be administered. In a retrospective multicenter study, including all patients with adequately staged (FDG-PET, brain imaging) sOMD according to the EORTC definition, we aimed to assess the relationship between cachexia and/or sarcopenia and survival.

Survey on fan-beam computed tomography for radiotherapy: Current implementation and future perspectives of motion management and surface guidance devices.

Background And Purpose: This work reports on the results of a survey performed on the use of computed tomography (CT) imaging for motion management, surface guidance devices, and their quality assurance (QA). Additionally, it details the collected user insights regarding professional needs in CT for radiotherapy. The purpose of the survey is to understand current practice, professional needs and future directions in the field of fan-beam CT in radiation therapy (RT).

Measured Steps: Navigating the Path of Oligoprogressive Lung Cancer with Targeted and Immunotherapies.

Purpose Of Review: This review discusses the definitions, treatment modalities, management, future directions, and ongoing clinical trials of oligoprogressive disease in oncogene-driven and non-oncogene-driven NSCLC.

Recent Findings: During the last decades, diagnostic and treatment modalities for oligometastatic NSCLC have advanced significantly, leading to improved survival. Additionally, our understanding of the tumor biology of oligoprogressive disease has expanded.

Quantitative MRI-based radiomics analysis identifies blood flow feature associated to overall survival for rectal cancer patients.

Radiomics objectively quantifies image information through numerical metrics known as features. In this study, we investigated the stability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics features in rectal cancer using both anatomical MRI and quantitative MRI (qMRI), when different methods to define the tumor volume were used. Second, we evaluated the prognostic value of stable features associated to 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Survey on fan-beam computed tomography for radiotherapy: Imaging for dose calculation and delineation.

Background And Purpose: To obtain an understanding of current practice, professional needs and future directions in the field of fan-beam CT in RT, a survey was conducted. This work presents the collected information regarding the use of CT imaging for dose calculation and structure delineation.

Materials And Methods: An online institutional survey was distributed to medical physics experts employed at Belgian and Dutch radiotherapy institutions to assess the status, challenges, and future directions of QA practices for fan-beam CT.

Large-scale meta-genome-wide association study reveals common genetic factors linked to radiation-induced acute toxicities across cancer types.

Background: This study was designed to identify common genetic susceptibility and shared genetic variants associated with acute radiation-induced toxicity across 4 cancer types (prostate, head and neck, breast, and lung).

Methods: A genome-wide association study meta-analysis was performed using 19 cohorts totaling 12 042 patients. Acute standardized total average toxicity (STATacute) was modelled using a generalized linear regression model for additive effect of genetic variants, adjusted for demographic and clinical covariates (rSTATacute).

Re-irradiation in clinical practice: Results of an international patterns of care survey within the framework of the ESTRO-EORTC E-RADIatE platform.

Background: Re-irradiation is an increasingly utilized treatment for recurrent, metastatic or new malignancies after previous radiotherapy. It is unclear how re-irradiation is applied in clinical practice. We aimed to investigate the patterns of care of re-irradiation internationally.

ERS/ESTS/ESTRO/ESR/ESTI/EFOMP statement on management of incidental findings from low dose CT screening for lung cancer.

Background: Screening for lung cancer with low radiation dose computed tomography has a strong evidence base, is being introduced in several European countries and is recommended as a new targeted cancer screening programme. The imperative now is to ensure that implementation follows an evidence-based process that will ensure clinical and cost effectiveness. This European Respiratory Society (ERS) task force was formed to provide an expert consensus for the management of incidental findings which can be adapted and followed during implementation.

Contouring variation affects estimates of normal tissue complication probability for breast fibrosis after radiotherapy.

Background: Normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models can be useful to estimate the risk of fibrosis after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and radiotherapy (RT) to the breast. However, they are subject to uncertainties. We present the impact of contouring variation on the prediction of fibrosis.

Treatment outcome of patients with synchronous oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer in the immunotherapy era: Analysis of a real-life intention-to-treat population.

The standard first-line treatment for non-oncogene driven metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) based strategy. Although guidelines increasingly advise adding local radical treatment (LRT) to patients with synchronous oligometastatic (sOMD) NSCLC responding to systemic therapy, this recommendation is based on the studies without ICI. Furthermore, the majority of published oligometastatic studies were not on an intention-to-treat basis, resulting in selection bias.

Survival of patients with KRAS G12C mutated stage IV non-small cell lung cancer with and without brain metastases treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Introduction: Few data is available on whether brain metastases (BM) influence survival in patients with stage IV KRAS G12C mutated (KRAS G12C+ ) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) +/- chemotherapy ([chemo]-ICI).

Methods: Data was retrospectively collected from the population-based Netherlands Cancer Registry. The cumulative incidence of intracranial progression, overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) was determined for patients with KRAS G12C+ stage IV NSCLC diagnosed January 1 - June 30, 2019, treated with first-line (chemo)-ICI.

Adjuvant durvalumab after concurrent chemoradiotherapy for patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC harbouring uncommon genomic alterations.

Adjuvant durvalumab is the standard of care for patients with stage III unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), without progression after concurrent chemo-radiation (CCRT). Patients with stage III NSCLC harbouring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangements do not seem to benefit from durvalumab. Data are lacking about patients harbouring other driver genomic alterations (dGA).

Computed tomography-based radiomics for the differential diagnosis of pneumonitis in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Introduction: Immunotherapy-induced pneumonitis (IIP) is a serious side-effect which requires accurate diagnosis and management with high-dose corticosteroids. The differential diagnosis between IIP and other types of pneumonitis (OTP) remains challenging due to similar radiological patterns. This study was aimed to develop a prediction model to differentiate IIP from OTP in patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who developed pneumonitis during immunotherapy.

F-FDG-PET guided vs whole tumour radiotherapy dose escalation in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (PET-Boost): Results from a randomised clinical trial.

Background And Purpose: We aimed to assess if radiation dose escalation to either the whole primary tumour, or to an F-FDG-PET defined subvolume within the primary tumour known to be at high risk of local relapse, could improve local control in patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Materials And Methods: Patients with inoperable, stage II-III NSCLC were randomised (1:1) to receive dose-escalated radiotherapy to the whole primary tumour or a PET-defined subvolume, in 24 fractions. The primary endpoint was freedom from local failure (FFLF), assessed by central review of CT-imaging.