HBM4EU-MOM: Prenatal methylmercury-exposure control in five countries through suitable dietary advice for pregnancy - Study design and characteristics of participants.

Background: Seafood is a major source of vital nutrients for optimal fetal growth, but at the same time is the main source of exposure to methylmercury (MeHg), an established neurodevelopmental toxicant. Pregnant women must be provided with dietary advice so as to include safely fish in their diet for nutrition and mercury control. The aim of this work is to present the design of a multicentre randomized control trial (RCT), which combines human biomonitoring (HBM) with dietary interventions using seafood consumption advice to pregnant women for MeHg control, and to collect information about other possible sources of exposure to mercury.

Fertility sparing management of uterine adenosarcoma: Case report and literature review.

Adenosarcoma is an extremely rare malignancy of the female genital tract composed of stromal sarcoma with a benign epithelial component. Current treatment recommendations include total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, precluding future fertility. Although most frequently diagnosed in postmenopausal women, it is occasionally present in younger women of reproductive age with desire for future fertility.

Effect of family history, occupation and diet on the risk of Parkinson disease: A case-control study.

Background: The aetiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is still very controversial, with a peculiar lack of established risk factors or protective behavior.

Methods: We carried out a case-control study of 634 idiopathic PD patients admitted from 2011 to 2015 to two hospitals located in central Italy and 532 controls matched by hospital, gender and age (± 5 years). The study questionnaire included questions on host factors, family history, residence, occupation and lifestyle.

Combined surgical and negative pressure therapy to treat multiple enterocutaneous fistulas and abdominal abscesses: A case report.

Introduction: We report the case of a successful management with combined aggressive surgery and negative pressure therapy, to treat a severely ill-septic patient, affected by multiple chronic enterocutaneous fistulas.

Presentation Of Case: A 26-year-old female patient presented with multiple pelvic and intra-abdominal abscesses, enterocutaneous fistulas and central venous catheter-related bacteraemia in extremely poor general conditions.The patient underwent both an abdominal CT which showed multiple digestive loops stuck and apparently fistulised and an abdominal-pelvic MRI, confirming the CT findings, and demonstrating a third fistula involving the Pouch and responsible for a pelvic and retroperitoneal chronic abscess.

Oncological Outcomes and Quality of Life After Rectal Cancer Surgery.

Surgery for rectal cancer has been completely revolutionized thanks to the adoption of new technologies and up-to-date surgical procedures that have been applied to the traditional milestone represented by Total Mesorectal Excision (TME). The multimodal and multidisciplinary approach, with new technologies increased the patients' life expectancies; nevertheless, they have placed the surgeon in front of newer issues, represented by both oncological outcomes and the patients' need of a less destructive surgery and improved quality of life. In this review we will go through laparoscopic, robotic and transanal TME surgery, to show how the correct choice of the most appropriate technique, together with a deep knowledge of oncological principles and pelvic anatomy, is crucial to pursue an optimal cancer treatment.

Is the Isthmus Location an Additional Risk Factor for Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules? Case Report and Review of the Literature.

The management of indeterminate thyroid lesions is controversial. The American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines suggest a conservative approach for low risk indeterminate thyroid lesions (TIR3A). We report a clinical case of a young girl who had TIR3A in a thyroid nodule located in the isthmus.

Targeting immune checkpoints in non small cell lung cancer.

Cancers have the ability to disrupt immune response by interfering with adaptive immunity. Blocking checkpoint pathways has become a target for pharmacological research in lung cancer with particular focus on peptides PD-1 and CTLA-4. A number of immune check-point inhibitors (ICIs) targeting both PD-1 and CTLA-4 pathways are under investigation within clinical trials, of which Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab and Atezolizumab have already been approved for lung cancer treatment by both FDA and EMA.

Helicobacter pylori immunization and atopic dermatitis in South Italian children.

Background: The epidemiological decrease of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection has been recently associated to the increase of several extra-intestinal allergic disorders.

Objective: We investigated the role of specific Hp IgG production in the development of IgE or not IgE mediated food allergy (FA) in children affected by atopic dermatitis (AD).

Methods: From January 2010 to July 2013, 290 South Italian children, aged between 26 and 142 months, were consecutively referred to the Pediatric Clinic of the Pediatric Department at Second University of Naples and were diagnosed as affected by AD.