Home EEG sleep assessment shows reduced slow-wave sleep in mild-moderate Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Sleep disturbances are common in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with estimates of prevalence as high as 65%. Recent work suggests that specific sleep stages, such as slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM), may directly impact AD pathophysiology. A major limitation to sleep staging is the requirement for clinical polysomnography (PSG), which is often not well tolerated in patients with dementia.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Brain Infarcts and Associations With Cognitive Performance in Tenants of Marginal Housing.

Background Homeless and vulnerably housed individuals are at increased risk for multimorbidity compared with the general population. We assessed prevalence of brain infarcts on neuroimaging and associations with vascular risk factors and cognitive performance in a prospective study of residents living in marginal housing. Methods and Results Two hundred twenty-eight participants underwent structured clinical interviews, targeted clinical, laboratory, and neuropsychological assessments, and magnetic resonance imaging with T, T-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and susceptibility-weighted images.

Are risk assessments racially biased?: Field study of the SAVRY and YLS/CMI in probation.

Risk assessment instruments are widely used by juvenile probation officers (JPOs) to make case management decisions; however, few studies have investigated whether these instruments maintain their predictive validity when completed by JPOs in the field. Moreover, the validity of these instruments for use with minority groups has been called into question. This field study examined the predictive validity of both the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY; n = 383) and the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI; n = 359) for reoffending when completed by JPOs.

A relational developmental systems approach to moral development.

Morality and cooperation are central to human life. Psychological explanations for moral development and cooperative behavior will have biological and evolutionary dimensions, but they can differ radically in their approach to biology. In particular, many recent proposals have pursued the view that aspects of morality are innate.

Relation Between Maternal Contingent Responsiveness and Infant Social Expectations.

This study investigated the relation between maternal contingent responsiveness and 4- and 5-month-old infants' (N = 64) social expectation behavior in a still-face procedure. Mothers were asked to interact with their infants for 2 min (interactive phase), remain still-faced for 1 min (still-face phase), and resume interaction for 2 min. Mother and infant behavior was assessed for the frequency of infant and mother smiles, mother smiles that were contingent to infant smiles and infant smiles were contingent to mother smiles during the interactive phase, and infant social bids to mother during the still-face phase.