Adverse Events Reporting in Digital Interventions Evaluations for Psychosis: A Systematic Literature Search and Individual Level Content Analysis of Adverse Event Reports.

Background: Digital health interventions (DHIs) have significant potential to upscale treatment access to people experiencing psychosis but raise questions around patient safety. Adverse event (AE) monitoring is used to identify, record, and manage safety issues in clinical trials, but little is known about the specific content and context contained within extant AE reports. This study aimed to assess current AE reporting in DHIs.

Sub-types of insomnia in adolescents: Insights from a quantitative/molecular twin study.

Background: Insomnia with short sleep duration has been postulated as more severe than that accompanied by normal/long sleep length. While the short duration subtype is considered to have greater genetic influence than the other subtype, no studies have addressed this question. This study aimed to compare these subtypes in terms of: (1) the heritability of insomnia symptoms; (2) polygenic scores (PGS) for insomnia symptoms and sleep duration; (3) the associations between insomnia symptoms and a wide variety of traits/disorders.

Executive function profiles of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are both associated with differences in Executive Functioning (EF). There is lack of clarity around the specificity or overlap of EF differences in early childhood when both disorders are first emerging.

Method: This systematic review aims to delineate preschool EF profiles by examining studies comparing the EF profiles of children with and without ASD or ADHD.

The association between peer-victimisation and structural and functional brain outcomes: A systematic review.

Background: Peer adversity and aggression are common experiences in childhood and adolescence which lead to poor mental health outcomes. To date, there has been no review conducted on the neurobiological changes associated with relational peer-victimisation, bullying and cyberbullying.

Methods: This systematic review assessed structural and functional brain changes associated with peer-victimisation, bullying, and cyberbullying from 1 January 2000 to April 2021.

Seven-year-olds' references to internal states when playing with toy figures and a video game.

Unlabelled: References to internal states (e.g., thoughts, feelings, and desires) indicate children's appreciation of people's inner worlds.

Exploring the feasibility and acceptability of a school-based self-referral intervention for emotional difficulties in older adolescents: qualitative perspectives from students and school staff.

Background: Adolescents with emotional difficulties need accessible, acceptable and evidence-based mental health interventions. Self-referral workshops (DISCOVER workshops) were offered to stressed 16- to 19-year olds in 10 Inner London schools.

Method: Semistructured interviews were conducted with three groups of participants: students who attended a 1-day workshop ( = 15); students who initially showed interest in the DISCOVER workshop programme, but decided not to take part (=9); and school staff who helped organise the programme in their schools (=10).

On the Counterfactual Nature of Gambling Near-misses: An Experimental Study.

Research on gambling near-misses has shown that objectively equivalent outcomes can yield divergent emotional and motivational responses. The subjective processing of gambling outcomes is affected substantially by close but non-obtained outcomes (i.e.

Parkinson's Impulse-Control Scale for the Severity Rating of Impulse-Control Behaviors in Parkinson's Disease: A Semistructured Clinical Assessment Tool.

Background: Impulse-control behaviors (ICBs) are increasingly recognized in Parkinson's disease (PD) as drug-related effects of dopaminergic mediation that occur in 15% to 35% of patients with PD. The authors describe the design and evaluation of a new, clinician-rated severity scale for the assessment of syndromal and subsyndromal forms of impulse-control disorders (ICDs), simple (punding) and complex (hobbyism) repetitive behaviors, and compulsive overuse of medication (dopamine dysregulation syndrome).

Methods: The Parkinson's Impulse-Control Scale (PICS), the first PD-specific, semistructured interview to cover the full range of PD-related ICBs, is described along with initial evidence on its clinimetric properties including interrater reliability, discriminant validity and sensitivity to change.

Sex differences in prepulse inhibition deficits in chronic schizophrenia.

Recent years have seen a dramatic growth in the number of studies using prepulse inhibition (PPI) paradigms to index information processing deficits in schizophrenia. There are, however, robust sex differences in PPI in healthy subjects, with women exhibiting less PPI than men in the absence of any psychopathology. To investigate the role of sex in prepulse modification deficits in the long-term course of schizophrenia, we assessed PPI (response inhibition with the prepulse preceding the pulse by 30-150 ms) and prepulse facilitation (PPF; response facilitation with the prepulse preceding the pulse by 1000 ms) of the acoustic startle response in 42 chronic schizophrenia patients (27 men; all 42 on typical antipsychotics) and 35 controls (15 men).