Distinct spatiotemporal atrophy patterns in corticobasal syndrome are associated with different underlying pathologies.

Although the corticobasal syndrome was originally most closely linked with the pathology of corticobasal degeneration, the 2013 Armstrong clinical diagnostic criteria, without the addition of aetiology-specific biomarkers, have limited positive predictive value for identifying corticobasal degeneration pathology in life. Autopsy studies demonstrate considerable pathological heterogeneity in corticobasal syndrome, with corticobasal degeneration pathology accounting for only ∼50% of clinically diagnosed individuals. Individualized disease stage and progression modelling of brain changes in corticobasal syndrome may have utility in predicting this underlying pathological heterogeneity, and in turn improve the design of clinical trials for emerging disease-modifying therapies.

Spontaneous flexibility, attentional set shifting and cognitive control in men with alcohol dependence.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess spontaneous flexibility, attentional set shifting and cognitive control in alcohol- dependent men in the process of therapy in alcohol addiction treatment units, and to recognise the use of production strategies in visual-spatial mode in this clinical group.

Methods: A total of 72 men participated in the study, 43 were alcohol-dependent (ADS) and 29 were controls (CTR). The Ruff Figural Fluency Test (RFFT), the Color Trails Test part 2 (CTT-2) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were administered.

Dataset of 37-subject EEG recordings using a low-cost mobile EEG headset during a semantic relatedness judgment task.

This data article presents electroencephalography (EEG) data and behavioral responses from a study examining the efficacy of a consumer-grade EEG headset (InteraXon Muse 2) in measuring the N400 component, a neural marker of semantic processing. These data are linked to the article "Exploring the Utility of the Muse Headset for Capturing the N400: Dependability and Single-Trial Analysis". Data were collected from 37 adult native speakers of English while they completed a semantic relatedness judgment task.

A new method for identifying and evaluating depressive disorders in young people based on cognitive neurocomputing: an exploratory study.

Background: Depressive disorders are one of the most common mental disorders among young people. However, there is still a lack of objective means to identify and evaluate young people with depressive disorders quickly. Cognitive impairment is one of the core characteristics of depressive disorders, which is of great value in the identification and evaluation of young people with depressive disorders.

Challenges and Opportunities in Implementing a Multicomponent Dementia Caregiver Program in a Complex Healthcare System.

The Tailored Activity Program (TAP), an intervention for people living with dementia (PLWD) and their caregivers, has been shown to reduce behavioral symptoms for PLWD and caregiver burden. While TAP is proven as an evidence-based practice (EBP), it has yet to be implemented at scale. The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has prioritized the Age-Friendly Health System (AFHS) initiative, providing an opportunity to test implementation of TAP in a complex healthcare system.

Learning Loopholes: The Development of Intentional Misunderstandings in Children.

What do children do when they do not want to obey but cannot afford to disobey? Might they, like adults, feign misunderstanding and seek out loopholes? Across four studies (N = 723; 44% female; USA; majority White; data collected 2020-2023), we find that loophole behavior emerges around ages 5 to 6 (Study 1, 3-18 years), that children think loopholes will get them into less trouble than non-compliance (Study 2, 4-10 years), predict that other children will be more likely to exploit loopholes when goals conflict (Study 3, 5-10 years), and are increasingly able to generate loopholes themselves (Study 4, 5-10 years). This work provides new insights on how children navigate the gray area between compliance and defiance and the development of loophole behavior across early and middle childhood.

The psychological impact of mass shootings on emergency physician mental health.

On October 1, 2017 in Las Vegas, Nevada, the largest mass shooting in US history was committed by a shooter high above the Route 91 Harvest Festival. In light of this tragedy and the increasing incidence and prevalence of mass shootings in America, it is important to examine how exposure to traumatic events (specifically mass shootings) affects the mental health of hospital physicians through the treatment of victims. This study sought to examine how witnessing mass shootings through the treatment of shooting victims psychologically affects physicians.

Speaking Through Silence: The Lonelification at the Core of Domestic Abuse.

This article is based on narratives from 20 women who have experienced domestic violence and abuse (DVA). Based on in-depth interviews, we explored their lived experiences of the mechanisms and meanings of loneliness in the context of DVA. The women experienced social and existential loneliness, not as passive consequences of victimization, but through active isolating and tactics inflicted on them by the abusers, as well as through responses from personal and professional networks and institutions.

The relationship between nursing students' attitudes toward artificial intelligence and their creative personality traits.

Aim: The relationship between nursing students' attitudes toward artificial intelligence and their creative personality traits was examined in this study.

Design: This study, conducted with 492 nursing students enrolled at a university in Turkey, was designed using a descriptive and relational methodology. The data were gathered through the "Personal Information Form," the "General Attitude Scale toward Artificial Intelligence," and the "Creative Personality Traits Scale.

Ethical boundaries and data-sharing practices in AI-enhanced nursing: An Arab perspective.

Aim: This study explored the ethical boundaries and data-sharing practices in artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced nursing from the perspective of Arab nurses.

Background: Although AI offers advancements in clinical decision-making and operational efficiency, it also presents challenges such as ethical dilemmas, data privacy concerns, and technical issues. These challenges are being addressed through continuous education, the development of robust ethical guidelines, and the implementation of transparent data-sharing practices METHODS: A qualitative approach was employed, adhering to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) guidelines.

Plants have two minds as we do.

This discussion paper carefully analyzes the cognition-related theories proposed for behavioral economics, to expand the concepts from human behaviors to those of plants. Behavioral economists analyze the roles of the intuitive sense and the rational thoughts affecting the human behavior, by employing the psychology-based models such as Two Minds theory (TMT) highlighting intuitive rapid thoughts (System 1) and rational slower thoughts (System 2) and Prospect theory (PT) with probability ()-weighting functions explaining the human tendencies to overrate the low events and to underrate the high events. There are similarities between non-consciously processed System 1 (of TMT) and overweighing of low- events (as in PT) and also, between the consciously processed System 2 (of TMT) and underrating of high- events (as in PT).

Fetal exposure to gestational diabetes severity and postnatal infant feeding in the first year of life associated with preadolescent obesity: a prospective cohort.

Objective: This study sought to evaluate the distinct impact of fetal exposure to gestational diabetes (GDM) severity, as well as the impact of infant breastfeeding (BF) and sugary beverage intake, on preadolescent overweight and obesity, accounting for other established risk factors.

Methods: This analysis included 850 mother-infant dyads exposed to GDM who reported monthly infant BF duration and intensity, as well as sugary beverage intake (sugar-sweetened beverages [SSB] and 100% fruit juice [FJ]) during the first year of life, BMI measured at ages 6 to 11 years, and GDM severity variables (i.e.

Improving Cognitive and Psychological Functioning in Older Latinos with HIV: Results from a Pilot Health Promotion Intervention.

Background/objectives: Older Latino persons with HIV (OLPWH) experience early-onset cognitive decline due to specific factors associated with accelerated aging as well as more established risk factors like depression, anxiety, and sedentary behavior. Yet, few behavioral interventions to improve OLPWH's psychological and cognitive health have been assessed. Thus, this pilot study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary intervention effects of the Happy Older Latinos are Active (HOLA) physical activity health promotion intervention on cognition and mental health among this underserved population.

Identifying family environment profiles in families of children with prenatal alcohol exposure.

Background: Individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) may face unique family environments that potentially influence adaptive functioning and behavioral challenges. This study aimed to identify profiles of families of children with PAE based on family characteristics, including cohesion, conflict, and organization, and to examine the relationship between family environment profiles and child outcomes.

Methods: Data were collected from caregivers of 283 youth (5-17 years) with histories of PAE.

Self-Regulation of Eating Behaviors Among Young Women Nurses and Nursing Students: Its Relationship With Eating Habits.

The primary aim of this study is to adapt the Self-Regulation of Eating Behavior Questionnaire (SREBQ) to the Turkish culture among young women nurses and nursing students. The secondary aim is to investigate the factors associated with self-regulation of eating behavior in this population. The sample consisted of 773 young women nurses and nursing students who were included in the study between June and July 2024.

Altered thyroid function and neurometabolic features provide clues to understand the comorbidity of bipolar II depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is highly comorbid with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), leading to poor treatment outcome and prognosis. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying BD comorbid with OCD remain poorly understood. To address it, we recruited 69 untreated patients with bipolar II depression, including 35 comorbid with OCD (BD-II-Depression-OCD) and 34 without OCD (BD-II-Depression-nonOCD), and 38 healthy controls (HC).

Attentional biases for dynamic stimuli in emerging adults with anxiety: A preliminary eye-tracking study.

While attentional biases towards negative stimuli have previously been linked to the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders, a current limitation of this research involves the use of static images for stimuli, as they cannot adequately depict the dynamic nature of real-life interactions. Since attentional biases in those with elevated anxiety remain understudied using more naturalistic stimuli, such as dynamic social videos, the purpose of this explorative study was to use novel dynamic stimuli and modern eye-tracking equipment to further investigate negative attentional biases in anxious emerging, female adults. Non-clinical participants (N = 62; mean age = 20.

Is more better? Comparing 600, 1200 and 1800 pulses/session (p/s) of intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) for the treatment of depression.

Introduction: Repetitive Transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive therapy for treatment-resistant disorders. Intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) has emerged as a favorite treatment protocol for the treatment of therapy resistant depression, with the tendency to administer an increasing number of pulses/session (p/s).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 215 in- and out-patients, suffering from unipolar or bipolar depressive disorder in a German tertiary care hospital between January 2021 and September 2024.

The association between teachers' positive instructional emotions and job performance: Work engagement as a mediator.

This study investigated the mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between teachers' positive instructional emotions and job performance in the Turkish educational system. Using a cross-sectional design, a sample of 413 preschool to high school teachers completed an online survey measuring their instructional emotions, engagement, and job performance. The results suggested that teachers' positive instructional emotions significantly predicted both their job performance (β = 0.

The impact of an action commercial video game on adult non-gamers psychological well-being, cognitive functioning, and sleep.

Introduction: The ever-growing diffusion of video games (VG) prompts to investigate their effects on health. While different studies exist on the topic, their results are difficult to interpret, probably because modulating factors have been mostly neglected. Here, we explore VG type and gamers' experience levels by assessing the impact of a violent VG on sleep, cognitive functioning, and psychological well-being in a sample of non-gamers.

Effects of Intermale Status Challenge and Psychopathic Traits on Sexual Aggression.

In the past five decades, a wealth of research has improved our understanding of the individual and sociocultural factors that contribute to sexual aggression perpetration. At the same time, epistemological differences in theoretical approaches to the subject (i.e.

Association of neighbourhood and individual-level socioeconomic disadvantage in childhood and adulthood with cognitive function in mid-adulthood: Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.

Socioeconomic disadvantage at individual level is associated with poor cognitive outcomes but the link of neighbourhood disadvantage with cognitive function is unclear. We used data from Young Finns Study, a population-based cohort, to examine the associations of neighbourhood and individual-level disadvantage in childhood (age 3-21 years) and adulthood (age 22 up to the time of cognitive assessment) with cognitive function in mid-adulthood (age 35-49 years). Neighbourhood disadvantage was ascertained based on register data, including geo-coded address history.