A cross-country comparison of temporal change in adolescent mental health problems in the UK and Brazil.

Aims: Epidemiological evidence shows a concerning rise in youth mental health difficulties over the past three decades. Most evidence, however, comes from countries in Europe or North America, with far less known about changes in other global regions. This study aimed to compare adolescent mental health across two population-based cohorts in the UK, and two population-based cohorts in Pelotas, Brazil.

Corrigendum: Augmenting self-guided virtual-reality exposure therapy for social anxiety with biofeedback: a randomised controlled trial.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.

A stochastic model for affect dynamics: methodological insights from heart rate variability in an illustrative case of Anorexia Nervosa.

Background: Affect dynamics, or variations in emotional experiences over time, are linked to psychological health and well-being, with moderate emotional variations indicating good psychophysical health. Given the impact of emotional state on cardiac variability, our objective was to develop a quantitative method to measure affect dynamics for better understanding emotion temporal management in Anorexia Nervosa (AN).

Methods: The study proposed an experimental and methodological approach to evaluate physiological affect dynamics in clinical settings.

Clinical and genetic findings in autism spectrum disorders analyzed using exome sequencing.

Unlabelled: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a group of complex neurodevelopmental disorders and is characterized by impaired reciprocal social interaction and communication, as well as the presence of restricted interests and stereotyped and repetitive behaviors. As a complex neurodevelopmental disorder, the phenotype and severity of autism are extremely heterogeneous, with differences from one patient to another. Chromosome microarray (CMA) and fragile X syndrome analyses has been used as a powerful tool to identify new candidate genes for ASD.

Real-life Affective Forecasting in Young Adults with High Social Anhedonia: An Experience Sampling Study.

Background And Hypothesis: Affective forecasting (AF), the ability to forecast emotional responses for future events, is critical for optimal decision-making and mental health. Most previous AF studies were conducted using laboratory-based tasks but overlooked the impacts of real-life situations and social interactions. This study used the experience sampling method to examine real-life AF in young healthy adults and individuals with high social anhedonia.

The role of protein phosphorylation modifications mediated by iron metabolism regulatory networks in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease characterized mainly by the formation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and abnormal phosphorylation of tau. In recent years, an imbalance in iron homeostasis has been recognized to play a key role in the pathological process of AD. Abnormal iron accumulation can activate various kinases such as glycogen synthase kinase-3β, cyclin-dependent kinase 5, and mitogen-activated protein kinase, leading to abnormal phosphorylation of tau and amyloid precursor protein, and accelerating the formation of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.

A study comparing positive benefits for parents, and their children, of children attending the UK's holiday activities and food program to parents of non-attendees.

The Holiday Activities and Food (HAF) is a UK Department for Education (DfE) funded program that provides free food and activities for 5-16-year-olds in receipt of means-tested free school meals. This evaluation focuses on parent/caregiver perceptions of HAF benefits during the 2021 and 2022 school holidays for a sample of parents/caregivers whose children attended HAF ( = 736) and a sample who did not attend HAF ( = 885). The results show that parents of children who attend HAF for 4 weeks (i.

Improving healthcare services for living kidney donors: an experience-based approach in the Netherlands.

Living kidney donors voluntarily donate one of their kidneys to someone suffering from end-stage kidney disease. Transplantation is a life-saving opportunity for these patients and generally provides an increase in quality of life. A major goal of research and practice related to living kidney donation concerns the safety of the donor.

Examining shift duration and sociodemographic influences on the well-being of healthcare professionals in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Providing quality healthcare is an essential part of the healthcare system. The high workload and night work associated with healthcare providing may result in work-life imbalance among healthcare professionals (HCPs) and in degradation in the quality of care.

Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the effects of sociodemographic characteristics and shift work on HCPs' well-being in four large hospitals in the United Arab Emirates using a validated questionnaire.

Visitor effects on the welfare of captive Sumatran orangutans () during the pandemic lockdowns.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to unprecedented lockdowns with rippling impacts on the lives of humans and animals alike. Since zoos were among the first institutions to close during the pandemic, the lockdowns presented the opportunity to conduct a natural experiment examining the relationship between visitor presence and the welfare of zoo-housed animals. In this study, we assessed the welfare of six Sumatran orangutans () at Toronto Zoo both during and following the pandemic lockdowns.

Reasons for using electronic cigarettes among young adults aged 18 - 30: a systematic review.

The use of psychoactive products by young adults is usually described as part of their exploratory identity development. This behavior is facilitated by social and structural contexts where these substances are perceived as legal and easily accessible. While the motivations for initiating and continuing the use of tobacco and alcohol are well-documented, the same cannot be said for e-cigarettes.

Paediatric Head and Neck Hemangiomas: Scopes, Challenges and Outcome of Surgical Management.

Haemangiomas are benign vascular tumours frequently encountered in head and neck region. The different systems of nomenclature leading to terminological confusion and management protocols for vascular lesions have been contentious issues and have undergone substantial paradigm shift over the years. A policy has been the mainstay of treatment owing to spontaneous regression of majority of paediatric hemangiomas along with sclerotherapy, laser therapy, drug therapy and radiotherapy.

Prevalence, incidence and modifiable factors for subtypes of mild cognitive impairment: results from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in China.

Background: As the population in China rapidly ages, the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is increasing considerably. However, the causes of MCI vary. The continued lack of understanding of the various subtypes of MCI impedes the implementation of effective measures to reduce the risk of advancing to more severe cognitive diseases.

Don't ignore the tough questions: A qualitative investigation into occupational stressors impacting veterinarians' mental health.

Objective: To explore Canadian clinical veterinarians' perspectives of occupational stressors. Although extant research has emphasized quantitative reporting of workplace stressors in veterinary medicine, a qualitative approach can lend depth and context.

Procedure: One-on-one interviews were conducted with 25 veterinarians at the 2016 Canadian Veterinary Medical Association Conference.

Sex as a moderator in the associations between psychopathy facets and aggressiveness.

Introduction: Psychopathy reliably predicts aggression, making it valuable for violence prevention. However, research on sex differences within the 4-facet model, which includes affective, interpersonal, lifestyle, and antisocial facets of psychopathy, is limited, especially among high-risk community samples.

Methods: This study examined sex differences in the psychopathy facets associated with anger, hostility, and aggression among 419 ( = 32.

Changes in cognition, coping, pain and emotions after 12-months access to the digital self-management program EPIO.

Background: Psychosocial pain self-management interventions can be of support for people living with chronic pain. Since psychosocial support is not always accessible, digital health interventions may increase outreach of these types of evidence-based interventions.

Objectives: To explore participants' experiences from 12-month access to the digital pain self-management program EPIO, particularly in terms of any behavioral and/or psychological changes experienced.

A meta-analysis of the impact of technology related factors on students' academic performance.

Introduction: The relationship between students' smartphone addiction, social media use, video games play, and their academic performance has been widely studied, yet the existing literature presents inconsistent findings. This meta-analysis synthesizes current research to provide a comprehensive examination of the impact of these technologies on academic achievement.

Methods: A total of 63 studies (yielding 64 effect sizes) were included, encompassing a sample of 124,166 students from 28 countries.

Symptom networks of common mental disorders in public versus private healthcare settings in India.

We present a series of network analyses aiming to uncover the symptom constellations of depression, anxiety and somatization among 2,796 adult primary health care attendees in Goa, India, a low- and middle-income country (LMIC). Depression and anxiety are the leading neuropsychiatric causes of disability. Yet, the diagnostic boundaries and the characteristics of their dynamically intertwined symptom constellations remain obscure, particularly in non-Western settings.

Perceptions, attitudes and experiences of hospital pharmacists working in the private sector regarding drug shortage in Lebanon: a national cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Our objective was to assess the perception, attitudes, and experiences of Lebanese hospital pharmacists in everyday practice regarding the drug shortage as well as to identify challenges and propose solutions.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between February and June 2021, enrolling 36 Lebanese hospital pharmacists.

Results: The economic crisis and issues with the quality of medicines were ranked as the top two causes of drug shortages in Lebanese hospitals; 88.

Anger De-escalation: A Standardized Patient Workshop for Third- and Fourth-Year Medical Students.

Introduction: During clinical training, medical students frequently encounter angry patients and loved ones but feel inadequately prepared to de-escalate these encounters. This unpreparedness might contribute to feelings of shame and anger among medical students and burnout among practicing physicians. Challenging patient scenarios abound in the standardized patient (SP) literature, but no published didactic tool exists focusing exclusively on identification and nonpharmaceutical management of patient anger with a target audience of senior medical students.

Proceedings of the 12th annual deep brain stimulation think tank: cutting edge technology meets novel applications.

The Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Think Tank XII was held on August 21st to 23rd. This year we showcased groundbreaking advancements in neuromodulation technology, focusing heavily on the novel uses of existing technology as well as next-generation technology. Our keynote speaker shared the vision of using neuro artificial intelligence to predict depression using brain electrophysiology.

Using Metabolic Testing to Personalize Behavioral Obesity Treatment.

Background: There are large individual differences in weight loss and maintenance. Metabolic testing can provide phenotypical information that can be used to personalize treatment so that people remain in negative energy balance during weight loss and remain in energy balance during maintenance. Behavioral testing can assess the reinforcing value and change in the temporal window related to the personalized diet and exercise program to motivate people to maintain engagement in healthier eating and activity programs.

An emotion recognition method based on frequency-domain features of PPG.

Objective: This study aims to employ physiological model simulation to systematically analyze the frequency-domain components of PPG signals and extract their key features. The efficacy of these frequency-domain features in effectively distinguishing emotional states will also be investigated.

Methods: A dual windkessel model was employed to analyze PPG signal frequency components and extract distinctive features.