Effect of SMS Ward Round Notifications on Inpatient Experience in Acute Medical Settings: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Ward rounds are an essential component of inpatient care. Patient participation in rounds is increasingly encouraged, despite the occasional complicated circumstances, especially in acute care settings.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of real-time ward round notifications using SMS text messaging on the satisfaction of inpatients in an acute medical ward.

Evaluation of a Simulation Program for Providing Telenursing Training to Nursing Students: Cohort Study.

Background: Telenursing has become prevalent in providing care to diverse populations experiencing different health conditions both in Israel and globally. The nurse-patient relationship aims to improve the condition of individuals requiring health services.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate nursing graduates' skills and knowledge regarding remote nursing care prior to and following a simulation-based telenursing training program in an undergraduate nursing degree.

Coach-Assisted eHealth With Group or Individual Support for Employees With Obesity: Randomized Controlled Trial on Weight, Body Composition, and Health Metrics.

Background: Acceptance and commitment therapy provides a psychobehavioral framework feasible for digital and hybrid weight loss interventions. In face-to-face studies, group-based interventions yield more favorable outcomes than individual interventions, but the effect of the intervention form has not been studied in combination with eHealth.

Objective: This study investigated whether a minimal, 3-session group or individual enhancement could provide additional benefits compared to an eHealth-only intervention when assessing weight, body composition, and laboratory metrics in a sample of occupational health patients with obesity.

Patient Perspectives on Conversational Artificial Intelligence for Atrial Fibrillation Self-Management: Qualitative Analysis.

Background: Conversational artificial intelligence (AI) allows for engaging interactions, however, its acceptability, barriers, and enablers to support patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are unknown.

Objective: This work stems from the Coordinating Health care with AI-supported Technology for patients with AF (CHAT-AF) trial and aims to explore patient perspectives on receiving support from a conversational AI support program.

Methods: Patients with AF recruited for a randomized controlled trial who received the intervention were approached for semistructured interviews using purposive sampling.

The role of friendship maintenance over communication technologies in freshmen's social adjustment to college.

Studies show that friendships help undergraduates navigate the transition to college, but it is unclear how technology use impacts the maintenance of friendships and students' subsequent adjustment. This study fills this gap by examining how maintenance over communication technologies with pre-college and in-college friends is associated with freshmen's social adjustment to college, via two psychological processes: social support and belongingness. 194 college freshmen completed online surveys.

Health regulatory focus and college student outcomes following healthcare visits.

The present work examined associations between undergraduate students' health regulatory focus and three outcomes of their healthcare interactions: affective responses to providers, intentions to adhere to recommendations, and satisfaction with providers. Study 1 included 522 undergraduates (=19.97 years, =1.

Synaptic-dependent developmental dysconnectivity in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion increases the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders like autism and schizophrenia. Disruption of large-scale functional connectivity in 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) has been widely reported, but the biological factors driving these changes remain unclear.

Real-life intense fear is communicated through context, not facial expressions.

Central emotion theories assume that during threatening and dangerous events the human face signals a prototypical, distinct, and universally recognized expression of fear which can be accurately decoded by conspecific perceivers. Due to the importance of fear expressions, an unusually large body of research has been dedicated to exploring their evolutionary origins, neurobiological mechanisms, and clinical significance. However, these studies typically utilize highly recognizable posed actor portrayals presumed to closely resemble the diagnostic physical appearance of real-life fearful faces.

The impacts of product characteristics and regulatory environment on smokers' preferences for tobacco and alcohol: Evidence from a volumetric choice experiment.

Objective: Concurrent use of alcohol and cigarettes is well-documented in the literature. However, it is unclear how e-cigarette regulations in a growing number of localities impact the use of tobacco and alcohol in the US. This study aims to evaluate the impacts of excise taxes, tobacco use restrictions in restaurants/bars, and availability of alcohol flavor in e-cigarettes on tobacco consumption, and their cross impacts on alcohol consumption.

Relationship between sleep variables and interoceptive awareness in daytime workers.

Interoception refers to the sensation of internal and physiological bodily states, such as heart rate, and contributes to the maintenance of bodily internal homeostasis. Some studies showed that interoceptive awareness is related to experiencing nightmares and subjective sleep quality. Similarly to the perception of heart rate variability, sleepiness is thought to be mainly evoked by homeostatic processes and is based on the awareness and recognition of internal body signals.

Remote work and long-term sickness absence due to mental disorder trends among Japanese workers pre/post COVID-19.

Aims: The aim of this study was to ascertain whether there has been an increase in the number of workers with long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders (LTSA-MD) and determine the impact of remote work on new LTSA-MD cases.

Methods: A web-based questionnaire was sent to 2,552 company offices with 150 or more workers in Osaka Prefecture. Data were obtained on the number of workers with LTSA-MD between April 1, 2019, and March 31, 2020 (fiscal year 2019) and between April 1, 2020, and March 31, 2021 (fiscal year 2020), along with their MD diagnoses (adjustment disorder [AD], depressive disorder [DEP], etc.

Women's attitudes towards physical intimate partner violence in India: Trends, patterns, and determinants.

Women's attitudes towards physical intimate partner violence are a major determinant of the likelihood of their exposure to physical intimate partner violence. In this study, we scrutinize the third, fourth, and fifth rounds of the National Family Health Survey using descriptive analyses and logistic regression models to understand the trends, patterns, and drivers of women's attitudes towards physical intimate partner violence across various demographic and socioeconomic groups in India. Our findings reveal a noticeable decline in the level of women's acceptability of physical intimate partner violence over the past 15 years, albeit at a slow pace.

Measuring real-time violence exposure and its impact on intimate partner violence perpetration among adolescents.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) has dire health consequences. To intervene, it is critical we first understand why young men perpetrate IPV. One theory is that men who experience violence are more likely to perpetrate violence.

Preschool children of parents who screen positive for mental health problems have an increased risk of subsequent mental disorders: Findings from a longitudinal follow-up study in Sweden.

Research has shown associations between parental and child mental health problems. However, there is a paucity of Swedish studies on this topic. Investigating this link in a Swedish context could inform preventive interventions aimed at reducing mental health problems in affected families.

The impact of canine-assisted intervention on stress reduction among university students in Thailand.

Stress negatively impacts university students, leading to adverse outcomes. While canine-assisted intervention (CAI) has been shown to reduce self-reported stress, no studies have investigated stress levels and associated biomarkers in dogs and students simultaneously. This study examined salivary cortisol, blood pressure, and pulse rate in 122 university students experiencing self-reported moderate to high stress before an encounter with a dog (T1), immediately before meeting a dog (T2), and after spending 15 minutes interacting with a dog (T3).

HPV vaccination willingness among 3,081 secondary school parents in China's capital.

Assessing knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccine and vaccine willingness among Beijing secondary school parents, and identifying decision-influencing factors. Selected via multi-stage stratified sampling, 3,081 Chaoyang secondary school students' parents participated in a June-August 2024 study. They completed a questionnaire assessing HPV knowledge, vaccine awareness, and vaccination willingness.

The Perceptions of Potential Prerequisites for Artificial Intelligence in Danish General Practice: Vignette-Based Interview Study Among General Practitioners.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has been deemed revolutionary in medicine; however, no AI tools have been implemented or validated in Danish general practice. General practice in Denmark has an excellent digitization system for developing and using AI. Nevertheless, there is a lack of involvement of general practitioners (GPs) in developing AI.

Using Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Acute Cholecystitis: Assessing Accuracy and Guidelines Compliance.

BackgroundLarge language models (LLMs) are advanced tools capable of understanding and generating human-like text. This study evaluated the accuracy of several commercial LLMs in addressing clinical questions related to diagnosis and management of acute cholecystitis, as outlined in the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18). We assessed their congruence with the expert panel discussions presented in the guidelines.

Congruency effects and individual differences in masked face recognition under limited feature visibility.

Recognizing masked faces is a challenge. Researchers have explored congruency-based approaches to improve face matching, with promising results. Here, we investigated whether congruency between the encoding and the retrieval conditions can improve masked face recognition when only the eyes are visible under conditions of high and low memory load.

Racial Disparities in Doctor-Patient Communication: Examining Doctors' Encounters with Black and White Patients.

Healthcare disparities persist in the USA, with Black patients often receiving lower-quality care. Effective doctor-patient communication is crucial for influencing satisfaction, adherence to treatment, and overall health outcomes. This study examined racial disparities in doctor-patient communication, focusing on encounters with Black and White patients recently diagnosed with myelodysplastic neoplasm (MDS).

Exploring the Evolution of Altruistic Punishment with a PDE Model of Cultural Multilevel Selection.

Two mechanisms that have been used to study the evolution of cooperative behavior are altruistic punishment, in which cooperative individuals pay additional costs to punish defection, and multilevel selection, in which competition between groups can help to counteract individual-level incentives to cheat. Boyd, Gintis, Bowles, and Richerson have used simulation models of cultural evolution to suggest that altruistic punishment and pairwise group-level competition can work in concert to promote cooperation, even when neither mechanism can do so on its own. In this paper, we formulate a PDE model for multilevel selection motivated by the approach of Boyd and coauthors, modeling individual-level birth-death competition with a replicator equation based on individual payoffs and describing group-level competition with pairwise conflicts based on differences in the average payoffs of the competing groups.

Dynamic Mathematical Processing Through Symbolic, Situational, and Verbal Representations.

In this paper, we discuss symbolic, situational, and verbal mathematical processing. These three modes of processing are conducted by the mediums of symbolic, situational, and verbal mathematical representations. While symbolic processing is a suppressive-oriented mechanism, situational one is receptive-oriented and reliant on sensorimotor features of elements in the context of mathematical representation.

Psychometric validation of the Chronic Ocular Pain Questionnaire (COP-Q).

Background: The Chronic Ocular Pain Questionnaire (COP-Q) is a newly developed patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure intended to assess symptoms and impacts associated with Chronic Ocular Surface Pain (COSP). This study assessed the psychometric properties of the COP-Q to determine the adequacy of the COP-Q as a 'fit-for-purpose' instrument to derive trial endpoints for future clinical studies in COSP.

Methods: Patients with COSP completed the COP-Q daily for four weeks on an electronic, touch-screen, tablet device as part of a longitudinal, observational study in the United States (N = 124).