["I don't go out anymore": an analysis of voluntary social withdrawal among Italian 15-19-year-old students].

Objectives: to analyse the prevalence and characteristics of the hikikomori phenomenon in Italy within a representative sample of students aged 15 to 19 years, assessing the factors associated with this behaviour to guide preventive interventions.

Design: cross-sectional study based on anonymous data collected through the ESPAD®Italia (European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs) survey using a self-administered questionnaire.

Setting And Participants: a representative sample of Italian high-school students is selected annually to ensure the comparability of ESPAD®Italia estimates.

IDA study: post-COVID-19 school readiness vulnerability in children entering primary school in Lazio Region.

Objectives: to describe the 'IDA' study, which aims to estimate the prevalence of School Readiness Vulnerability (SRV) in children at the beginning of primary school and the associated socioeconomic characteristics, to stimulate the attention of decision-makers on the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and the need for specific and timely interventions by the school community, thus preventing negative effects on children's present and future health.

Design: cross-sectional study based on a random sample of children extracted using the cluster sampling technique on the first primary school classes.

Setting And Participants: in October 2022, the IDA study assessed the SRV prevalence and associated risk factors in 628 children of the Lazio Region, aged 67-89 months, 328 males and 292 females.

Large-scale evidence of a general disease ('') factor accounting for both mental and physical health disorders in different age groups.

Background: It is unknown whether there is a general factor that accounts for the propensity for both physical and mental conditions in different age groups and how it is associated with lifestyle and well-being.

Methods: We analyzed health conditions data from the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) (age = 17; N = 19,239), the National Child Development Study (NCDS) (age = 44; N = 9293), and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) (age ≥ 50; N = 7585). The fit of three Confirmatory Factor models was used to select the optimal solution by Comparative Fit Index, Tucker-Lewis Index, and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation.

"We're all about being together as a family": Community sports program fosters newcomer immigrant girls' academic achievement, resilience, and coping.

Drawing from a liberation psychology framework, this paper describes a community soccer program designed to address inequalities in education, health, and social inclusion among newcomer immigrant girls. The mixed-methods study drew upon youth voices to explore how the program fostered resilience, effective coping, and academic achievement. The study included a quantitative sample (n = 20) and a qualitative sub-sample (n = 13), as well as school-wide comparison data (n = 431).

Mothers' Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior Concerning Their Kindergarten Children's Oral Health: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: To evaluate the level of oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, and behavior among a group of mothers with kindergarten (KG) children aged 3-5 years toward their own and their children's oral health and assess its influence on their children's oral health status.

Material And Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The sample was selected randomly from public and private KGs in Jeddah.

Vagal heart rate variability during rapid eye movement sleep reduces negative memory bias.

Emotional memories change over time, but the mechanisms supporting this change are not well understood. Sleep has been identified as one mechanism that supports memory consolidation, with sleep selectively benefitting negative emotional consolidation at the expense of neutral memories, with specific oscillatory events linked to this process. In contrast, the consolidation of neutral and positive memories, compared to negative memories, has been associated with increased vagally mediated heart rate variability (HRV) during wakefulness.

Dual orexin receptor antagonists as promising therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease.

We examine the relationship between sleep, glymphatics and Alzheimer's disease (AD), and recent work questioning glymphatic clearance during sleep. We highlight a need for understanding glymphatic and/or other mechanism of clearance during sleep, and review glymphatic flow measurement methods. Further, we explore dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) potential to mitigate AD sleep disturbances and enhance clearance.

Why Is Social Reintegration Support for Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Device Necessary?

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) serve as critical life-sustaining therapy for patients with end-stage heart failure awaiting heart transplantation, significantly improving survival rates and enabling social reintegration. However, many patients with LVAD face multiple challenges in their daily lives and social reintegration, such as anxiety about the device, low societal awareness, and economic and psychological burdens. In Japan, where prolonged waiting periods for heart transplants are inevitable, these challenges further exacerbate the economic and psychological burdens on both patients and caregivers.

Revisiting the bi-factor structure of the short version of the Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale with samples in China.

Aim: This paper aims to evaluate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS) based on Chinese samples recruited from secondary schools, universities, and workplaces.

Methods: The psychometric properties of the SWEMWBS were evaluated in four cross-sectional studies with a total of 1,729 respondents from Hong Kong and Chinese mainland. Criterion validity was assessed using well-established measures of well-being, affect, and life satisfaction (PANAS, WHO-5, and SWLS).

Adolescents and adults with FOXP1 syndrome show high rates of anxiety and externalizing behaviors but not psychiatric decompensation or skill loss.

Background: FOXP1 syndrome is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder associated with complex clinical presentations including global developmental delay, mild to profound intellectual disability, speech and language impairment, autism traits, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and a range of behavioral challenges. To date, much of the literature focuses on childhood symptoms and little is known about the FOXP1 syndrome phenotype in adolescence or adulthood.

Methods: A series of caregiver interviews and standardized questionnaires assessed psychiatric and behavioral features of 20 adolescents and adults with FOXP1 syndrome.

Reducing the impact of peer victimization on adolescent insomnia: Which is more important, peers or family support?

Background: Adolescent insomnia is a global public health issue, with peer victimization identified as one of the risk factors. However, some adolescents are able to resist the negative impact of peer victimization, and the protective mechanisms underlying this resilience require further clarification. This study aims to evaluate the moderating roles of friendship quality and family functioning on the effects of peer victimization on insomnia.

The relationship between negative emotions and adjustment disorder in young adults: the mediating role of rumination and insomnia.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the influence of negative emotions on adjustment disorder (AjD) in young adults, focusing on the mediating role of rumination and insomnia.

Methods: The study recruited 2015 young patients (aged 18-35) receiving treatment at the Psychosomatic Medicine Department of the Affiliated Encephalopathy Hospital of Zhengzhou University from February 2023 to March 2024. Participants completed the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS), Insomnia Severity Scale (ISI), and Adjustment Disorder - New Module 20(ADNM-20) to assess negative emotions, rumination thinking, sleep status, and AjD.

Dynamic reconfiguration of brain functional networks in world class gymnasts: a resting-state functional MRI study.

Long-term intensive training has enabled world class gymnasts to attain exceptional skill levels, inducing notable neuroplastic changes in their brains. Previous studies have identified optimized brain modularity related to long-term intensive training based on resting-state functional MRI, which is associated with higher efficiency in motor and cognitive functions. However, most studies assumed that functional topological networks remain static during the scans, neglecting the inherent dynamic changes over time.

Exploring functional connectivity in clinical and data-driven groups of preterm and term adults.

Adults born very preterm (i.e. at <33 weeks' gestation) are more susceptible to long-lasting structural and functional brain alterations and cognitive and socio-emotional difficulties, compared with full-term controls.

The impact of COVID-19 on the achievement of public school students in British Columbia: A multilevel analysis on the results from the province-wide standardized assessment.

This study aims to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on public school students' achievement by collecting and analyzing the two-year test results from the Foundational Skills Assessment, a province-wide standardized test administered annually in British Columbia, Canada. Multilevel modeling was conducted to analyze whether the impact of COVID-19 correlated with local school district demographics, including the percentage of indigenous students, the percentage of students with special needs, and the median household income. The results revealed that the impact of COVID-19 on students' literacy and numeracy achievement was associated with the percentage of students with special needs and median household incomes in the local school districts.

Healthcare professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and practice of podoconiosis management and associated factors in public hospitals in Ilu Ababor and Buno Bedelle zones, Southwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Podoconiosis is non-filarial lymphoedema of the lower extremities. It impairs individuals' overall lives, including their health, economy, psychology, and social interactions. Podoconiosis is a preventable and effectively manageable disease.

Trends in Indicators of Violence Among Adolescents in Europe and North America 1994-2022.

Objectives: To describe age and gender specific time trends in adolescent violence across 19 countries over 28 years.

Methods: The paper presents analysis of eight cycles of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) Study from 1994-2022, involving 789,531 children aged 11, 13, and 15. Indicators of violence included physical fighting, school bullying and cyberbullying (from 2018).

Self-reported history of head injury is associated with cognitive impulsivity on a delay discounting task.

Background: Head injuries are a major health care concern that can produce many long lasting cognitive, mental, and physical problems. An emerging literature indicates increased impulsivity in patients with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). In a recent study, Veterans with clinically-assessed history of mild TBI had increased cognitive, but not motor, impulsivity.

The Cross-Cultured Validity and Reliability of the Vietnamese Nijmegen Questionnaire.

Introduction: The Nijmegen Questionnaire assesses hyperventilation syndrome (HVS), but a validated Vietnamese version is lacking. This study investigates the cross-culture validity, structural validity, and reliability of the Vietnamese Nijmegen questionnaire (VNQ) for screening HVS in primary healthcare settings.

Methods: Following Beaton's guidelines, translation and adaptation involved two independent expert panels for content validity.

Digital physical activity intervention via the Kidney BEAM platform in patients with polycystic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: In people living with polycystic kidney disease (PKD), physical inactivity may contribute to poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL). To date, no research has elucidated the impact of a PKD-specific physical activity programme on HRQoL and physical health. This substudy of the Kidney BEAM Trial evaluated the impact of a PKD-specific 12-week educational and physical activity digital health intervention for people living with PKD.

Poor mental health and its impact on academic outcomes in university students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis of routine service data.

Background: There is an urgent need to understand explanatory factors of poor mental health before (pre-) and during (peri-) the COVID-19 pandemic in university students, especially those from underrepresented and minority groups.

Aims: To examine potential differences and explanatory factors for psychological distress, clinical risk and impact of problems on academic outcomes pre- and peri-pandemic in university students.

Method: A repeated cross-sectional design was used with routine data between August 2018 and July 2022 at the registration stage from a student counselling and mental health service at a UK university.

Dementia Overdiagnosis in Younger, Higher Educated Individuals Based on MMSE Alone: Analysis Using Deep Learning Technology.

Background: Dementia is a multifaceted disorder that affects cognitive function, necessitating accurate diagnosis for effective management and treatment. Although the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is widely used to assess cognitive impairment, its standalone efficacy is debated. This study examined the effectiveness of the MMSE alone versus in combination with other cognitive assessments in predicting dementia diagnosis, with the aim of refining the diagnostic accuracy for dementia.

Bridging Pubertal Changes and Endotype Based Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes.

The intersection of puberty with the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) presents unique pathogenic, clinical and psychosocial challenges, necessitating nuanced management strategies that account for developmental changes and the disease's heterogeneity. The distinction between pre-pubertal (T1DE1) and pubertal (T1DE2) T1D onset underscores the need for tailored approaches to monitoring and therapy during this critical period. Patients, with severe β-cell loss and heightened metabolic demands during puberty, require more intensive glycaemic management and screening for growth delays and pubertal disruptions.

Disguising symptoms and a lack of treatment options: living with obstructive sleep apnea before, during and after diagnosis.

The ongoing underdiagnosis and undertreatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) suggests an urgent need to better understand the broader implications of living with this condition. This qualitative study aimed to understand the wider psychosocial impact of living with OSA. Eight participants diagnosed with OSA (75% male; age = 46.