Sex Differences in Delirium after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery and Perioperative Neuropsychiatric Conditions: A Secondary Analysis of a Cohort Study.

Background: Biological sex influences the risk of depression and cognitive impairment, but its role in relation to postoperative delirium is unclear. This analysis investigates sex differences in delirium risk after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and sex-related differences in relation to affective and cognitive symptoms.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the Neuropsychiatric Outcomes After Heart Surgery (NOAHS) study, a single-site, observational study of a CABG surgery cohort (n = 149).

Effects of methylphenidate on neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: Evidence from the ADMET 2 study.

Introduction: Methylphenidate has been shown to improve apathy in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The authors evaluated the impact of methylphenidate on neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) of AD, excluding apathy, using data from the Apathy in Dementia Methylphenidate Trial 2 (ADMET 2) study.

Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted on data from the ADMET 2 study to determine the effect of methylphenidate on Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) scores outside of apathy.

Barriers and Pathways to Changing Smoking and Risky Drinking in Primary Care Patients With Chronic Conditions Who Failed to Respond to Brief Advice.

Many individuals who smoke tobacco or consume alcohol at hazardous levels have chronic conditions that are caused or exacerbated by these behaviors. The objective of this survey study was to obtain data on the health care concerns, barriers, and readiness to change indicators of smokers/risky drinkers with related health conditions who have not responded to standard primary care interventions. 167 participants (120 who reported current smoking or risky drinking or both) completed a 1-time mailed survey in 2017/2018.

Commercially Available Phototherapy Devices for Treatment of Depression: Physical Characteristics of Emitted Light.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate key physical properties of commercially available light devices for the treatment of seasonal or nonseasonal depression and to determine whether the devices met clinical criteria, derived from evidence-based clinical guidelines, for generating adequate light at a reasonable distance, over a reasonable field of illumination, and with an adequate degree of user acceptability.

Methods: Twelve manufacturers loaned or donated 24 light therapy devices: 16 light boxes, one light column, four light-emitting diode beam devices, and three light visors. Each device was evaluated for spectral power distribution, light dispersion, subjective discomfort from glare, adequacy of diffusion, photopic illuminance (in lumens per square meter [lux]), melanopic illuminance relative to photopic illuminance (efficacy ratio), and blue light hazard relative to melanopic illuminance (protection ratio).

Social Structure and Depression in TrevorSpace.

We discover patterns related to depression in the social graph of an online community of approximately 20,000 lesbian, gay, and bisexual, transgender, and questioning youth. With survey data on fewer than two hundred community members and the network graph of the entire community (which is completely anonymous except for the survey responses), we detected statistically significant correlations between a number of graph properties and those TrevorSpace users showing a higher likelihood of depression, according to the Patient Healthcare Questionnaire-9, a standard instrument for estimating depression. Our results suggest that those who are less depressed are more deeply integrated into the social fabric of TrevorSpace than those who are more depressed.

Gender Differences in Five Factor Model Personality Traits in an Elderly Cohort: Extension of Robust and Surprising Findings to an Older Generation.

In college and adult samples, women score higher then men on the Five Factor Model (FFM) personality traits of Neuroticism and Agreeableness. The present study assessed the extent to which these gender differences held in a sample of 486 older adults, ranging in age from 65-98 (M = 75, SD = 6.5), using the NEO-Five Factor Inventory.