Untangling the complex relationship between bipolar disorder and anxiety: a comprehensive review of prevalence, prognosis, and therapy.

Bipolar disorder (BD) frequently coexists with anxiety disorders, creating complex challenges in clinical therapy and management. This study investigates the prevalence, prognostic implications, and treatment strategies for comorbid BD and anxiety disorders. High comorbidity rates, particularly with generalized anxiety disorder, underscore the necessity of thorough clinical assessments to guide effective management.

The impact of weight loss after bariatric surgeries on the patient's body image, quality of life, and self-esteem.

Objectives: The objective of this web-based study is to analyze the attributes of bariatric surgery cases ensuing health implications. Additionally, the study seeks to delve into the factors influencing post-bariatric psychological evaluations and the impact of various bariatric surgeries on weight loss and psycho-social assessment scores for patients who had undergone bariatric surgeries within a specific bariatric surgery center in Egypt between January 2017 and January 2024.

Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study recruited 411 adults who had undergone different bariatric procedures by the same surgical team.

Medical & Socioeconomic Risk Factors Associated with Lack of Neurodevelopmental Evaluation Following Neonatal Cardiac Surgery.

Neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) who undergo cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are at high-risk for unfavorable neurodevelopmental (ND) outcomes and are recommended for ND evaluation (NDE); however, poor rates have been reported. We aimed to identify risk factors associated with lack of NDE. This single-center retrospective observational study included neonates < 30 days old who underwent CPB and survived to discharge between 2012 and 2018.

Connecting genomic results for psychiatric disorders to human brain cell types and regions reveals convergence with functional connectivity.

Identifying cell types and brain regions critical for psychiatric disorders and brain traits is essential for targeted neurobiological research. By integrating genomic insights from genome-wide association studies with a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the adult human brain, we prioritized specific neuronal clusters significantly enriched for the SNP-heritabilities for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder along with intelligence, education, and neuroticism. Extrapolation of cell-type results to brain regions reveals the whole-brain impact of schizophrenia genetic risk, with subregions in the hippocampus and amygdala exhibiting the most significant enrichment of SNP-heritability.

A genetic exploration of the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder and cardiovascular diseases.

Experiencing a traumatic event may lead to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), including symptoms such as flashbacks and hyperarousal. Individuals suffering from PTSD are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but it is unclear why. This study assesses shared genetic liability and potential causal pathways between PTSD and CVD.

Profiling of pathogenic variants in Japanese patients with sarcoglycanopathy.

Background: Sarcoglycanopathies (SGPs) are limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) that can be classified into four types, LGMDR3, LGMDR4, LGMDR5, and LGMDR6, caused by mutations in the genes, SGCA, SGCB, SGCG, and SGCD, respectively. SGPs are relatively rare in Japan. This study aims to profile the genetic variants that cause SGPs in Japanese patients.

Clinical presentation and management challenges of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome associated with an SGPL1 variant: a case report.

Background: This case report describes a unique presentation of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome (SPLIS) caused by a rare SGPL1 variant, highlighting the diagnostic and management challenges associated with this condition.

Case Presentation: A 2-year-old Iranian female presented with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (NS), primary adrenal insufficiency (AI), growth delay, seizures, and hyperpigmentation. Laboratory evaluation revealed hypoalbuminemia, significant proteinuria, hyperkalemia, and elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels.

Managing xylazine-involved overdoses in a community harm reduction setting: lessons from Tijuana, Mexico.

Background: Xylazine is a α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, used for sedation in veterinary contexts. Although it is increasingly found in overdose deaths across North America, the clinical management of xylazine-involved overdoses has not been extensively studied, especially in community-based harm reduction settings. Here we present a clinical series of xylazine-involved overdose and share the clinical approach and lessons learned by a community overdose response team in Tijuana, Mexico amidst the arrival of xylazine.

Changing the trajectories of mental health difficulties in Norfolk and Suffolk: a research-priority-setting project with patients, the public, clinicians, policymakers and other stakeholders-study protocol.

Introduction: Mental health problems are the most significant cause of disability and have high annual economic costs; hence, they are a priority for the government, service providers and policymakers. Consisting of largely coastal and rural communities, the populations of Norfolk and Suffolk, UK, have elevated burdens of mental health problems, areas with high levels of deprivation and an increasing migrant population. However, these communities are underserved by research and areas with the greatest mental health needs are not represented or engaged in research.

The public health risks of counterfeit pills.

Synthetic illicit drugs, such as nitazenes and fentanyls, are becoming commonplace in countries around the world, including in Europe, Australia, and Latin America, which raises concern for overdose crises like those seen in North America. An important dimension of the risk represented by synthetic drugs is the fact that they are increasingly packaged in counterfeit pill form. These pills-often indistinguishable from authentic pharmaceuticals-have substantially widened the scope of populations susceptible to synthetic drug overdose in North America (eg, among adolescents experimenting with pills or tourists from the USA seeking psychoactive medications from pharmacies in Mexico).

Novel, standardized sample collection from the brain-nose interface.

Background: Diagnostics for neurodegenerative diseases lack non-invasive approaches suitable for early-stage biochemical screening and routine examination of neuropathology. Biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases pass through the brain-nose interface (BNI) and accumulate in nasal secretion. Sample collection from the brain-nose interface presents a compelling prospect as basis for a non-invasive molecular diagnosis of neuropathologies.

Habituation of the biological response to repeated psychosocial stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Recurrent psychosocial stress poses a significant health challenge, prompting research into mechanisms of successful adaptation. Physiological habituation, defined as decreased reactivity to repeated stressors, is pivotal in protecting the organism from allostatic load. Here, we systematically review and meta-analyze data from studies investigating the capacity of central stress systems to habituate when repeatedly exposed to a standardized psychosocial stressor, the Trier Social Stress Test (k=47).

Temporal Dynamics of Affective Scene Processing in the Healthy Adult Human Brain.

Understanding how the brain distinguishes emotional from neutral scenes is crucial for advancing brain-computer interfaces, enabling real-time emotion detection for faster, more effective responses, and improving treatments for emotional disorders like depression and anxiety. However, inconsistent research findings have arisen from differences in study settings, such as variations in the time windows, brain regions, and emotion categories examined across studies. This review sought to compile the existing literature on the timing at which the adult brain differentiates basic affective from neutral scenes in less than one second, as previous studies have consistently shown that the brain can begin recognizing emotions within just a few milliseconds.

The effect of fixed-time interval and on-demand analgesia protocols for post cesarean pain on maternal chronic pain and child development - follow up of randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Post-cesarean delivery (CD) acute pain may progress to chronic pain, which may impair maternal bonding and child development. In 2013, we compared the efficacy of versus on-demand oral analgesia for post-caesarean pain in a randomized-controlled-trial. The fixed-time-interval group had received scheduled paracetamol, tramadol, and diclofenac regardless of pain level, and the on-demand group received medication as needed, with oxycodone reserved for unrelieved pain in both groups.

The Trail of axonal protein Synthesis: Origins and current functional Landscapes.

Local protein synthesis (LPS) in axons is now recognized as a physiological process, participating both in the maintenance of axonal function and diverse plastic phenomena. In the last decades of the 20th century, the existence and function of axonal LPS were topics of significant debate. Very early, axonal LPS was thought not to occur at all and was later accepted to play roles only during development or in response to specific conditions.

Esketamine alleviates LPS-induced depression-like behavior by activating Nrf2-mediated anti-inflammatory response in adolescent mice.

Background: The mechanisms underlying esketamine's therapeutic effects remain elusive. The study aimed to explore the impact of single esketamine treatment on LPS-induced adolescent depressive-like behaviors and the role of Nrf2 regulated neuroinflammatory response in esketamine-produced rapid antidepressant efficacy.

Methods: Adolescent male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to three groups: control, LPS, and LPS + esketamine (15 mg/kg, i.

Effective engagement in computerized cognitive training for older adults.

Computerized cognitive training (CCT) is a frontline therapy to prevent or slow age-related cognitive decline. A prerequisite for CCT research to provide clinically relevant improvements in cognition is to understand effective engagement, i.e.

Classes of outpatient quality of care among individuals with substance-related disorders, based on a survey and health insurance registry.

Objectives: Improving quality of care for individuals with substance-related disorders (SRD) should be a priority considering SRD are associated with high morbidity. This study aimed to identify classes of individuals with SRD based on their clinical characteristics and the quality of outpatient care they received, and to verify whether better quality of care was associated with other respondent characteristics and more favorable subsequent outcomes.

Methods: Data came from the 2023-14 and 2015-16 Canadian Community Health Survey (N = 42,099), merged with administrative data from Quebec's health insurance registry.

Mapping global evidence of caregiver experiences in bipolar disorder in low and middle-income countries: A scoping review.

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) imposes significant social, psychological, and economic burdens on individuals and their caregivers. While developing treatments for BD patients is crucial, supportive interventions for caregivers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are equally important, given the limited resources and healthcare infrastructure. Understanding caregiver experiences in these settings is essential for creating effective interventions.

Development and validation of the BRief Eating Disorder Screener (BREDS) for US veterans in healthcare and community settings.

Objective: To develop a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) eating disorder screener.

Method: Veterans enrolled in VA healthcare (N = 344) completed a survey of screening items and established measures. A validation subset (n = 166) participated in diagnostic interviews to confirm an eating disorder diagnosis.

Preventing disease progression in schizophrenia: What are we waiting for.

Despite research advances and progress in health care, schizophrenia remains a debilitating and costly disease. Onset occurs typically during youth and can lead to a relapsing and ultimately chronic course with persistent symptoms and functional impairment if not promptly and properly treated. Consequently, over time, schizophrenia causes substantial distress and disability for patients, their families and accrues to a collective burden to society.

Efficacy and safety of psilocybin in the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): A dose-response network meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials.

Selecting the optimal dose of psilocybin for treating Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) is crucial for clinical development and regulatory approval. This meta-analysis evaluates psilocybin's efficacy and safety in treating MDD to determine the optimal dose and timing for clinical trials. A systematic review and Dose-Response Network Meta-Analysis (NMA) of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials (RCTs) registered with PROSPERO was conducted.