Dopamine genetic risk scores and psychiatric symptoms: Interacting risk factors for impulse control behaviours in de novo Parkinson's disease.

Up to 45% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience impulse control disorders (ICDs), characterized by a loss of voluntary control over impulses, drives or temptations. This study aimed to investigate whether previously identified genetic and psychiatric risk factors interact towards the development of ICDs in PD. A total of 278 de novo PD patients (ICD-free at enrollment) were selected from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative database.

Exploring the Effect of Brief Preventive Videos on Mental Health Help-Seeking for Early Psychosis in a Young Community Sample.

Introduction: A key factor influencing the duration of untreated psychosis is that young individuals typically do not seek help during their initial psychotic experiences. This online study aimed to explore the efficacy of preventive video interventions providing information on psychosis on the attitudes towards seeking mental health care among young adults from the general population.

Methods: Participants (N = 147) were randomised to one of the following online conditions: a short 3-min video of an empowered patient or of a psychiatrist describing different aspects of mental illness, a short control video or no video.

Correlations among hope, fertility quality of life and negative emotions for couples undergoing their first in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer: a cross-sectional analysis.

Background: The global incidence of infertility is increasing, and infertility has become an important medical and social issue. With the widespread application of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) technology, the mental health problems of patients undergoing this treatment have gradually attracted widespread attention. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among the level of hope, the fertility quality of life and negative emotions of patients who underwent IVF-ET treatment for the first time to provide a scientific basis for subsequent psychological support interventions.

Depressive, anxiety, and sleep disturbance symptoms in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a network analysis perspective.

Background: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) frequently experience sleep disturbance and psychological distress, such as depression and anxiety, which may have a negative impact on their health status and functional abilities. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance in patients with OSA, the current study utilized network analysis to examine the interconnections among these symptoms.

Methods: Depressive and anxiety symptoms were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and sleep disturbance symptoms were evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Help-seeking for depression among Vietnamese migrant workers in Japan and factors related to their intentions to seek help from a psychiatrist: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Foreign workers are at risk for depression, and Vietnamese people tend to be reluctant to seek professional mental health care. Although Vietnamese people are the largest population among foreign workers in Japan, evidence concerning their help-seeking experiences and strategies to promote help-seeking in this population is lacking. This study aimed to identify the percentage of Vietnamese migrant workers in Japan who have sought help from healthcare professionals for depressive symptoms and to explore the factors related to their intentions to seek help from a psychiatrist.

Addressing racial and ethnic disparities in premature exits from permanent supportive housing among residents with substance use disorders.

Background: Permanent supportive housing (PSH) is an evidence-based practice for reducing homelessness that subsidizes permanent, independent housing and provides case management-including linkages to health services. Substance use disorders (SUDs) are common contributing factors towards premature, unwanted ("negative") PSH exits; little is known about racial/ethnic differences in negative PSH exits among residents with SUDs. Within the nation's largest PSH program at the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), we examined relationships among SUDs and negative PSH exits (for up to five years post-PSH move-in) across racial/ethnic subgroups.

NPT100-18A rescues mitochondrial oxidative stress and neuronal degeneration in human iPSC-based Parkinson's model.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by protein aggregates mostly consisting of misfolded alpha-synuclein (αSyn). Progressive degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDANs) and nigrostriatal projections results in severe motor symptoms. While the preferential loss of mDANs has not been fully understood yet, the cell type-specific vulnerability has been linked to a unique intracellular milieu, influenced by dopamine metabolism, high demand for mitochondrial activity, and increased level of oxidative stress (OS).

The interaction network and potential clinical effectiveness of dimensional psychopathology phenotyping based on EMR: a Bayesian network approach.

The current DSM-oriented diagnostic paradigm has introduced the issue of heterogeneity, as it fails to account for the identification of the neurological processes underlying mental illnesses, which affects the precision of treatment. The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework serves as a recognized approach to addressing this heterogeneity, and several assessment and translation techniques have been proposed. Among these methods, transforming RDoC scores from electronic medical records (EMR) using Natural Language Processing (NLP) has emerged as a suitable technique, demonstrating clinical effectiveness.

The association between personality traits and transphobia among university students: a cross-sectional study in northwestern Iran.

Background: Individuals with GD may suffer from limited access to healthcare services because of negative attitudes from the healthcare providers. Therefore, to promote medical service it is of great importance to address negative attitudes among healthcare providers. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of transphobia as well as to assess the association between personality traits and transphobia among students of the University of Medical Sciences, who will hold key positions within the healthcare system.

Leveraging Model Master Files for Long-Acting Injectables.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Center for Research on Complex Generics (CRCG) hosted a public workshop on May 2-3, 2024, titled "Considerations and Potential Regulatory Applications for a Model Master File (Lachaine et al Can J Psychiatry.

Cardiovascular disease, bone fracture, and all-cause mortality risks among postmenopausal women by arthritis and veteran status: A multistate Markov transition analysis.

Arthritis, a chronic inflammatory condition linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and bone fracture, is more frequent among military veterans and postmenopausal women. This study examined correlates of arthritis and relationships of arthritis with risks of developing CVD, bone fractures, and mortality among postmenopausal veteran and non-veteran women. We analyzed longitudinal data on 135,790 (3,436 veteran and 132,354 non-veteran) postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative who were followed-up for an average of 16 years between enrollment (1993-1998) and February 17, 2024.

Raynaud Syndrome Associated with Medication for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Background: Raynaud syndrome (RS) is a peripheral vasculopathy characterised be impaired acral perfusion typically manifesting as skin discolouration with pallor, cyanosis and/or erythema, and increased sensitivity to cold. RS may be primary or secondary to systemic disease, lifestyle and environmental factors or medication. RS has been reported with medication to treat ADHD, but we found no recent comprehensive overview of the literature.

An online multidomain lifestyle intervention to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Effective, scalable dementia prevention interventions are needed to address modifiable risk factors given global burden of dementia and challenges in developing disease-modifying treatments. A single-blind randomized controlled trial assessed an online multidomain lifestyle intervention to prevent cognitive decline over 3 years. Participants were dementia-free community-dwelling Australians aged 55-77 years with modifiable dementia risk factors.

Associations between common genetic variants and income provide insights about the socio-economic health gradient.

We conducted a genome-wide association study on income among individuals of European descent (N = 668,288) to investigate the relationship between socio-economic status and health disparities. We identified 162 genomic loci associated with a common genetic factor underlying various income measures, all with small effect sizes (the Income Factor). Our polygenic index captures 1-5% of income variance, with only one fourth due to direct genetic effects.

Can response to ADHD medication be predicted?

Predictors for the pharmacological effect of ADHD medication in children and adolescents are lacking. This study examined clinically relevant factors in a large (N = 638) prospective cohort reflecting real-world evidence. Children and adolescents aged 6-17 diagnosed with ADHD were evaluated at baseline and three months following ADHD medication initiation.

fMRI data acquisition and analysis for task-free, anesthetized rats.

Templates for the acquisition of large datasets such as the Human Connectome Project guide the neuroimaging community to reproducible data acquisition and scientific rigor. By contrast, small animal neuroimaging often relies on laboratory-specific protocols, which limit cross-study comparisons. The establishment of broadly validated protocols may facilitate the acquisition of large datasets, which are essential for uncovering potentially small effects often seen in functional MRI (fMRI) studies.

Aging disrupts the coordination between mRNA and protein expression in mouse and human midbrain.

Age-related dopamine (DA) neuron loss is a primary feature of Parkinson's disease. However, whether similar biological processes occur during healthy aging, but to a lesser degree, remains unclear. We therefore determined whether midbrain DA neurons degenerate during aging in mice and humans.

Symptom-based depression subtypes: brain dynamic specificity and its association with gene expression profiles.

At least 227 combinations of symptoms meet the criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). However, in clinical practice, patients consistently present symptoms in a regular rather than random manner, and the neural basis underlying the MDD subtypes remains unclear. To help clarify the neural basis, patients with MDD were clustered by symptom combinations to investigate the neural underpinning of each subtype using functional resonance imaging (fMRI).

Sub-cellular population imaging tools reveal stable apical dendrites in hippocampal area CA3.

Apical and basal dendrites of pyramidal neurons receive anatomically and functionally distinct inputs, implying compartment-level functional diversity during behavior. To test this, we imaged in vivo calcium signals from soma, apical dendrites, and basal dendrites in mouse hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons during head-fixed navigation. To capture compartment-specific population dynamics, we developed computational tools to automatically segment dendrites and extract accurate fluorescence traces from densely labeled neurons.

A network-based analysis anticipates time to recovery from major depression revealing a plasticity by context interplay.

Predicting disease trajectories in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) can allow designing personalized therapeutic strategies. In this study, we aimed to show that measuring patients' plasticity - that is the susceptibility to modify the mental state - identifies at baseline who will recover, anticipating the time to transition to wellbeing. We conducted a secondary analysis in two randomized clinical trials, STAR*D and CO-MED.

Exploring when to exploit: the cognitive underpinnings of foraging-type decisions in relation to psychopathy.

Impairments in reinforcement learning (RL) might underlie the tendency of individuals with elevated psychopathic traits to behave exploitatively, as they fail to learn from their mistakes. Most studies on the topic have focused on binary choices, while everyday functioning requires us to learn the value of multiple options. In this study, we evaluated the cognitive correlates of naturalistic foraging-type decision-making and their electrophysiological signatures in a community sample (n = 108) with varying degrees of psychopathic traits.

One state's journey with a reflective supervision professional development series: Development, implementation, and adaptation.

Reflective supervision (RS) has been viewed as best practice and is therefore incorporated-and often mandated-as a key feature of many relationship-based infant and early childhood serving programs. To promote the implementation of high-quality RS for infant and early childhood professionals, it is critical that a focus is placed on how infant and early childhood professionals are trained to build RS capacities. To this end, we describe Rhode Island, United States's journey developing, implementing, and iteratively adapting an RS professional development series.

Evaluating pathogenicity of variants of unknown significance in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2.

Autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD) is driven by rare variants in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2. Although more than 200 pathogenic variants in these genes are known to cause ADAD, other variants are benign, may act as risk factors, or may even reduce Alzheimer's disease risk (e.g.