An untargeted metabolomic analysis of acute AFB1 treatment in liver, breast, and lung cells.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a class 1 carcinogen and mycotoxin known to contribute to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), growth impairment, altered immune system modulation, and malnutrition. AFB1 is synthesized by Aspergillus flavus and is known to widely contaminate foodstuffs, particularly maize, wheat, and groundnuts. The mechanism in which AFB1 causes genetic mutations has been well studied, however its metabolomic effects remained largely unknown.

Spatial Variation in the Association between Extreme Heat Events and Warm Season Pediatric Acute Care Utilization: A Small-Area Assessment of Multiple Health Conditions and Environmental Justice Implications in California (2005-2019).

Background: The increasing frequency and severity of extreme heat events due to climate change present unique risks to children and adolescents. There is a lack of evidence regarding how heat's impacts on pediatric patients vary spatially and how structural and sociodemographic factors drive this heterogeneity.

Objectives: We examined the association between extreme heat events and pediatric acute care utilization in California for 19 distinct health conditions.

Sotalol poisoning and its unique treatment considerations compared with traditional therapies for beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug poisoning.

Introduction: Sotalol is a beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug with unique physical and pharmacologic properties. Unlike most beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs, sotalol is amenable to extracorporeal removal and causes QT interval prolongation and ventricular dysrhythmias. These properties have implications for treating sotalol poisoning.

Mushroom poisoning: An updated review.

Mushrooms have been consumed frequently worldwide since ancient times. In addition to edible and harmless species, there are also poisonous species that cause a wide range of clinical syndromes, from simple gastrointestinal (GI) irritation to death. However, it is not possible to distinguish the poisonous species from some edible species morphologically.

Imprint of ancestral and modern threats in human mind - experience of fear, disgust, and anger.

Introduction: Threats to our survival are often posed by the environment in which humans have evolved or live today. Animal and human ancestors developed complex physiological and behavioral response systems to cope with two types of threats: immediate physical harm from predators or conspecifics, triggering fear, and the risk of infections from parasites and pathogens leading to the evolution of the behavioral immune system (BIS) with disgust as the key emotion. Here we ask whether the BIS has adapted to protect us from pandemic risks or poisoning by modern toxic substances.

Comparison of clinical and virological features in pediatric and adult dengue cases at Insein General Hospital during Myanmar's 2022 dengue season.

Background: Myanmar is one of the countries in Southeast Asia where serious dengue outbreaks occur and Yangon is among the regions with the highest number of cases in the country. Many infections including dengue are common in Yangon during the rainy season, and co-infections may also occur. Adults are more likely than children to experience co-infections of dengue and other diseases.

Forensic identification of fatal mushroom poisoning: a case report.

Mushroom poisoning incidents happen infrequently, yet owing to the non-lethal nature of most toxins and the efficacy of timely treatment, fatalities from mushroom poisoning are uncommon, leading to a scarcity of pertinent clinical and pathological data. Here, we reported a case of death caused by the consumption of raw mushrooms, alongside detailed clinical data and multi-organs pathological alterations, which underscored its potential significant reference value in forensic practice. Futhermore, ibotenic acid, a type of mushroom toxin, was detected both in the patient's blood and gastric lavage fluid about 19 h after the consumption of mushrooms, and was successfully quantified at concentrations of 0.

Noncanonical inhibition of topoisomerase II alpha by oxidative stress metabolites.

During its catalytic cycle, the homodimeric ATPase topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) cleaves double stranded DNA and remains covalently bound to 5' ends via tyrosine phosphodiester bonds. After passing a second, intact duplex through, TOP2A rejoins the break and releases from the DNA. Thereby, TOP2A can relieve strain accumulated during transcription, replication and chromatin remodeling and disentangle sister chromatids for mitosis.

Hepatocyte Rho-associated kinase signaling is required for mice to survive experimental porphyria-associated liver injury.

Background: Rho-associated kinases 1 and 2 (ROCK1 and ROCK2) regulate critical cell functions, including actomyosin contractility, apoptosis, and proliferation. Some studies suggest that ROCK inhibition may serve as a treatment for liver fibrosis. More investigation is needed to understand the role of hepatocyte ROCK signaling in vivo, especially in the context of profibrotic liver injury.

Higher stability of nanophase GdO-CeO upon 400 keV Kr ion irradiation over bulk: role of defect annealing across grain boundaries.

The concept of inert matrix fuel (IMF) has been proposed to utilize the energetic value of Pu and transmute minor actinides in nuclear reactors. In order to offset the initial reactivity of nuclear fuel, gadolinium (Gd) is employed as a burnable poison, owing to its high neutron absorption cross-section. To gain insights into the radiation stability and influence of grain boundaries on irradiation behaviour, 5 mol% Gd-doped ceria samples, sintered at varying temperatures, were subjected to irradiation using 400 Kr ions.

The effect of acetylcysteine on the prothrombin time and international normalized ratio: a narrative review.

Introduction: Patients poisoned with paracetamol are treated with acetylcysteine. In patients without hepatocellular injury, an increased prothrombin time or international normalized ratio has been observed during acetylcysteine administration. The international normalized ratio is preferred as it is a standardized calculation of prothrombin time independent of reagents and machinery.

Patterns and Outcomes of Acute Poisoning Among Children Presenting to Emergency Department in AlAhsa, Saudi Arabia.

Introduction Acute poisoning in children is still a global health concern that necessitates visiting the emergency department that might associated with morbidity and mortality. It has an impact on social, economic, and health issues, particularly for children under five who account for the majority of poisonings worldwide. Poisoning can result in mild cases, serious complications, or even death; oral ingestion is the most common way that poisoning occurs in children.

Mild liver injury following withdrawal of long-term prednisone therapy: A case report.

Background: Liver injury manifesting as hepatic enzyme abnormalities, has been occasionally identified to be a feature of primary or secondary Addison's disease, an uncommon endocrine disease characterized by adrenal insufficiency. There have been no more than 30 reported cases of liver injury explicitly attributed to Addison's disease. Liver injury resulting from adrenal insufficiency due to glucocorticoid withdrawal is exceptionally rarer.

Polymorphisms in DNA Repair Genes as Biomarkers of Susceptibility for Pesticide-Induced DNA Damage among Agricultural Workers: A Review.

Pesticides induce oxidative DNA damage and genotoxic effects such as DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs), double-strand breaks (DSBs), DNA adducts, chromosomal aberrations, and enhanced sister chromatid exchanges. Such DNA damage can be repaired by DNA repair mechanisms. In humans, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are present in DNA repair genes involved in base excision repair (BER) (, and nucleotide excision repair (NER) (, , , and ), and double-strand break repair (DSBR) ( and ).

The association between short-term exposure to ambient PM and hospitalization costs in patients with myocardial infarction: a hospital-based study.

Myocardial infarction (MI) ranks as one of the primary causes of global disabilities and disease deaths. The association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and MI has gained attention in recent years.

Competing addition processes give distinct growth regimes in the assembly of 1D filaments.

We present a model to describe the concentration-dependent growth of protein filaments. Our model contains two states, a low entropy/high affinity ordered state and a high entropy/low affinity disordered state. Consistent with experiments, our model shows a diffusion-limited linear growth regime at low concentration, followed by a concentration-independent plateau at intermediate concentrations, and rapid disordered precipitation at the highest concentrations.

Ginsenoside Rd protects against acute liver injury by regulating the autophagy NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.

Ginsenoside Rd (Rd) is a bioactive compound predominantly found in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.

Housing matters: The long-term impact of stable housing on mortality among people with HIV in British Columbia, Canada.

Aim: For several decades, British Columbia (BC), Canada, has been experiencing a housing crisis marked by a shortage of safe and affordable housing, which coincides with a severe drug poisoning epidemic in the region. We explore the impact of housing instability on mortality (all-cause, drug-related) among a cohort of people with HIV (PWH) in BC.

Methods: Data are from the Longitudinal Investigation into Supportive and Ancillary Health Services (LISA) study (n = 997).

Heterogeneous Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalysts: Rational Structure Design and Mechanistic Elucidation Based on Intrinsic Properties of Supports.

ConspectusThe discovery of reversible hydrogenation using metal-free phosphoborate species in 2006 marked the official advent of frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry. This breakthrough revolutionized homogeneous catalysis approaches and paved the way for innovative catalytic strategies. The unique reactivity of FLPs is attributed to the Lewis base (LB) and Lewis acid (LA) sites either in spatial separation or in equilibrium, which actively react with molecules.

A modified screening protocol for ARDS in patients with respiratory support based on SpO and FiO: A single-center prospective, observational study.

Background: The purpose is to formulate a modified screening protocol for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with respiratory support based on saturation of pulse oximetry (SpO) and inspired oxygen concentration (FiO).

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from August to October 2020 at the Department of Critical Care Medicine of Yijishan Hospital Affiliated with Wannan Medical College. All patients admitted during the study period and required arterial blood gas analysis and electrocardiogram monitoring were included in this study.

Early transcriptomic changes at the skin interface during Powassan virus transmission by ticks.

Introduction: Powassan virus (POWV), a vector-borne pathogen transmitted by ticks in North America, is the causative agent of Powassan encephalitis. As obligate hematophagous organisms, ticks transmit pathogens like POWV at the tick bite site, specifically during the initial stages of feeding. Tick feeding and salivary factors modulate the host's immunological responses, facilitating blood feeding and pathogen transmission.