∆-Tetrahydrocannabinol Increases Growth Factor Release by Cultured Adipose Stem Cells and Adipose Tissue in vivo.

Background: Because of its biocompatibility and its soft and dynamic nature, the grafting of adipose tissue is regarded an ideal technique for soft-tissue repair. The adipose stem cells (ASCs) contribute significantly to the regenerative potential of adipose tissue, because they can differentiate into adipocytes and release growth factors for tissue repair and neovascularization to facilitate tissue survival. The present study tested the effect of administering a chronic low dose of ∆-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on these regenerative properties, in vitro and in vivo.

Unraveling the controversy: exploring the link between sex hormones and skin cancers through a meta-analysis and systematic review.

Skin cancers continue to present unresolved challenges, particularly regarding the association with sex hormones, which remains a topic of controversy. A systematic review is currently warranted to address these issues. To analyze if sex hormones result in a higher incidence of skin cancers (cutaneous melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma).

The secretion of TGF-β3 by adipose-derived stem cells inhibits melanin synthesis and its impact on the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway.

This study aimed to investigate the role of transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF-β3) secreted by adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in suppressing melanin synthesis during the wound healing process, particularly in burn injuries, and to explore the underlying mechanisms involving the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. ADSCs were isolated from C57BL/6 mice and characterized using flow cytometry and differentiation assays. A burn injury model was established in mice, followed by UVB irradiation to induce hyperpigmentation.

Paranasal sinus mucoceles and its distortion of craniofacial-orbital anatomy: a narrative synthesis.

Purpose: To explore available literature on PNS mucoceles and its distortions of craniofacial-orbital anatomy with regard to orbital bony defects and ophthalmic manifestations, highlighting the PNS mucoceles that mostly result in these distortions.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in June 2024 for available literature on the subject matter viz.; Google Scholar, PubMed and Medline, and Cochrane Library.

The widely used Ucp1-Cre transgene elicits complex developmental and metabolic phenotypes.

Bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic models, including most Cre-recombinases, enable potent interrogation of gene function in vivo but require rigorous validation as limitations emerge. Due to its high relevance to metabolic studies, we perform comprehensive analysis of the Ucp1-Cre line which is widely used for brown fat research. Hemizygotes exhibit major brown and white fat transcriptomic dysregulation, indicating potential altered tissue function.

Irradiated Homologous Costal Cartilage Grafts in Complex Functional Septorhinoplasty.

Optimal results in complex nasal reconstruction, particularly in the context of post-traumatic and revision septorhinoplasty, often require the use of cartilage grafts to provide additional structural support to the nose. While autologous costal cartilage (ACC) has been traditionally used, this can be limited by donor site morbidity, increased operative time, and in some cases, lack of suitable cartilage for grafting. There has been a trend towards using irradiated homologous costal cartilage (IHCC) as an alternative source of graft material.

3-Dimensional Investigation of the Vascular Anatomy of the Triquetrum with Micro-Computed Tomography.

Background: This study aims to demonstrate the 3-dimensional pattern of the nutrient vessels of the triquetrum using micro-computed tomography and determine the safe region for screw applications to the bone.

Methods: Seven fresh frozen cadavers' ulnar and radial arteries were injected with Microfil MV-117. Triquetral bones were dissected and examined using micro-computed tomography.

Use of reverse sural artery cross leg flap for limb salvage in low resource setting: A case report and literature review.

Introduction: Soft tissue defect in the lower limb presents as a difficult reconstructive challenge. Cross-leg flap was routinely used in the past for the salvage of the lower limb but is seldom used nowadays due to advances in microsurgical procedures.

Case Presentation: We present a case of an 18-year-old male who presented with a complex soft tissue defect of 25 × 10 cm on the anterolateral aspect of the right leg following a motor vehicle accident.

Actionable Gene Alterations Identified in Patients With Malignant Melanoma by Targeted Sequencing in Japan.

Purpose: Precision medicine plays an important role in the treatment of patients with advanced melanoma. Despite its high incidence in White patients, advanced melanoma is rare in Asian countries, hampering prospective clinical trials targeting the Asian population. This retrospective study aimed to elucidate the real-world molecular diagnoses and outcomes of Japanese patients with melanoma using comprehensive genome profiling (CGP).

Exploring the Unique Properties and Superior Schwann Cell Guiding Abilities of Spider Egg Sac Silk.

Spider silk (SPSI) is a promising candidate for use as a filler material in nerve guidance conduits (NGCs), facilitating peripheral nerve regeneration by providing a scaffold for Schwann cells (SCs) and axonal growth. However, the specific properties of SPSI that contribute to its regenerative success remain unclear. In this study, the egg sac silk of is investigated, which contains two distinct fiber types: tubuliform (TU) and major ampullate (MA) silk.

Bacteria in hypertrophic scars promote scar formation through HSBP1-mediated autophagy.

Bacterial colonisation in hypertrophic scars (HSs) has been reported, yet the precise mechanism of their contribution to scar formation remains elusive. To address this, we examined HS and normal skin (NS) tissues through Gram staining and immunofluorescence. We co-cultured fibroblasts with heat-inactivated Staphylococcus aureus (S.

Unveiling the Molecular Mechanisms of Rosacea: Insights From Transcriptomics and In Vitro Experiments.

Background: Rosacea is a prevalent inflammatory skin condition, but its molecular mechanisms and treatment responses remain poorly understood.

Aims: This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying rosacea and explore drug response through transcriptomic analysis and in vitro experiments.

Patients/methods: We performed high-throughput RNA sequencing to analyze gene expression patterns in rosacea patients.

Cerebral fat embolism following autologous fat injection in facial reconstruction: A case report.

Background: Autologous fat injection in facial reconstruction is a common cosmetic surgery. Although cerebral fat embolism (CFE) as a complication is rare, it carries serious health risks.

Case Summary: We present a case of a 29-year-old female patient who developed acute CFE following facial fat filling surgery.

Learning effectiveness of clinical anatomy and practical spine surgery skills using a new VR-based training platform.

Introduction: As medical education becomes more complex, the demand for advanced teaching and training methods has grown. Technological advancements have opened up new possibilities, particularly in the realm of virtual reality (VR) simulations for training.

Research Question: Our prospective, randomized pilot study aims to assess whether a novel VR-based 3D training platform can effectively teach the knowledge and skills needed for complex spinal surgery, specifically pedicle screw placement.

Risks of Autologous Abdominal Free Flap Breast Reconstruction in Patients With Elevated Body Mass Index.

Background: Obesity is widely recognized as a significant risk factor for postoperative complications of breast reconstruction. Despite extensive research, there remains a lack of consensus regarding the specific complications and outcomes experienced by patients with obesity who undergo deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap reconstruction. To provide a clearer understanding of the challenges faced by patients with obesity, we present a single-center outcome analysis of individuals who underwent DIEP flap reconstruction.

Is Topical Tranexamic Acid Effective in Reducing Hematoma and Seroma in Breast Surgery? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Postoperative fluid-related complications, such as hematoma and seroma formation, are common concerns in breast surgery, adversely affecting surgical outcomes and patient recovery. Topical tranexamic acid (TXA) has emerged as a promising intervention to minimize bleeding while reducing systemic adverse effects linked to intravenous administration. However, evidence on the efficacy of topical TXA in breast surgery remains sparse.

Chimeric Osteocutaneous Free Flap Solution to Variation in Vascular Anatomy.

When squamous cell carcinoma necessitates mandibular resection, the resultant defect can be complex. An osteocutaneous fibula free flap is an effective reconstruction option, typically supplied by the peroneal artery for both the fibula and skin flap. In this case report, an anatomical variation was found: the skin paddle was supplied by soleus musculocutaneous perforators of the posterior tibial artery, whereas the fibula was supplied by the peroneal artery.

Vascularized Iliac Crest Bone Graft for the Reconstruction of Anterior Vertebral Corpus Defects: A Literature Review and Cadaveric Feasibility Study.

Background: Vertebral body defects pose a significant challenge in spinal reconstructive surgery. Compression fractures of the vertebral corpus are typically treated with vertebral augmentation procedures. There are significant risks associated with the introduction of foreign material in the spine, including infection and pseudarthrosis.

"Nip and Tuck": Training the Next Generation of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons.

The demand for aesthetic surgery continues to increase, and it is therefore essential to ensure that the next generation of plastic surgeons are adequately trained. We propose a safe method in aesthetic training in abdominoplasty and facelift, utilizing free deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap and parotidectomy for training aesthetic procedures. The trainees' focus differed between the 2 procedures.

Bifurcating Method for Subcutaneous Indwelling of Nonabsorbable Threads.

Subcutaneous indwelling of nonabsorbable threads for tissue fixation and tension reduction is often used in plastic surgery and is applied in breast reduction surgery, umbilicoplasty, and in frontalis muscle lifting for congenital ptosis. However, in a few cases, exposure of the indwelling thread necessitates its removal. Exposure of the indwelling threads mostly occurs due to exposure of the knots.

Artificial Intelligence Scribe and Large Language Model Technology in Healthcare Documentation: Advantages, Limitations, and Recommendations.

Artificial intelligence (AI) scribe applications in the healthcare community are in the early adoption phase and offer unprecedented efficiency for medical documentation. They typically use an application programming interface with a large language model (LLM), for example, generative pretrained transformer 4. They use automatic speech recognition on the physician-patient interaction, generating a full medical note for the encounter, together with a draft follow-up e-mail for the patient and, often, recommendations, all within seconds or minutes.

Matching Into Integrated Plastic Surgery: The Impact of USMLE Step 1 Transition to Pass/Fail: Did the 2019 Predictions Come True in 2024?

Background: The first class of integrated plastic surgery residency applicants with pass/fail (P/F) step 1 assessments occurred during the 2023-2024 Match cycle. This study analyzes the results of a 2024 postmatch survey to program directors (PDs) regarding the impact of the conversion to P/F step 1 scoring and compares the results to the 2019 survey that attempted to predict how this conversion would influence decision-making when it was initially announced.

Methods: A 26-item survey evaluating PDs' perspectives on applicant characteristics and the application process following P/F step 1 scoring was distributed March 2024.