Public Health.

Background: High-income countries (HICs) are over-represented in current global dementia incidence rates, skewing estimates. Variance in diagnostic methods between HICs and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is speculated to contribute to the regional differences in rates. Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC) offers a unique opportunity to address these research inequalities by harmonising data from international studies, including representation from LMICs.

Public Health.

Background: Poor sleep is associated with cognitive decline, and ∼45% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients experience sleep disturbances. Emerging evidence suggests that reduced non-rapid eye movement (NREM) slow wave sleep (SWS) is linked to amyloid accumulation and APOE ε4-related genetic vulnerability to AD. Here, we investigate the effects of amyloid and APOE status on SWS, and their interaction, in a cohort of cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals at higher risk of AD.

Novel insights into the role of gut microbiota and its metabolites in diabetic chronic wounds.

Wounds in patients with diabetes present significant physical and economic challenges due to impaired healing and prolonged inflammation, exacerbated by complex interactions between microbes. Especially, the development and healing of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) remain an urgent clinical problem. The human gut harbors a vast microbial ecosystem comprising intestinal flora and their metabolic products.

Public Health.

Background: The hypothalamus is the body's principal homeostatic center and plays a crucial role in the modulation of cognition. However, detailed assessments of age and sex effects on hypothalamic substructural integrity and its cognitive correlates across lifespan are still lacking. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the hypothalamic structural integrity in relation to age, sex and cognitive performance across lifespan in the general population.

Perception of Xiapu Min checked syllables and tones in citation and sandhi formsa).

This study investigates the acoustic cues for listeners to differentiate checked syllables and tones from unchecked ones. In Xiapu Min, checked and unchecked syllables and tones differ in f0, glottalization, and duration, whereas these differences are reduced in their sandhi forms. In citation forms, listeners utilize all three cues while relying on duration the most.

Public Health.

Background: Greater occupational complexity may be protective against dementia in later life, but it is unclear if it contributes to cognitive resilience and whether different aspects of occupational complexity are associated with resilience. We examined relationships between occupational complexity related to data, people, and things, and cognitive resilience to neurodegeneration.

Method: 1,699 participants from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort who were aged ≥60 years, had a plasma total tau (t-tau) measure (a marker of neurodegeneration), and a neuropsychological (NP) exam visit within five years of the plasma t-tau measurement were included.

Public Health.

Background: Nutrient biomarkers (NBs) may serve as more accurate and precise indicators of dietary intake, particularly in older adults who often have subtle episodic memory recall and digestive/microbiome issues that alter the nutritional substrate readily available to the brain. NBs also allow insight into modes of action and metabolic changes that are actionable targets for modification through nutritional means in hopes of disease prevention and treatment. Prior to broad investment and deployment, the pre-analytical and intra-individual temporal variation over time should be documented to design and interpret clinical and epidemiological studies properly.

Public Health.

Background: Changes in the connections between the cortical regions responsible for integrating balance are observed in individuals with MCI, however, studies that clarify the association of these changes and the risk of falling due to body imbalance are still rare. The present study aims to compare the posturography response of individuals diagnosed with MCI in relation to individuals in a control group without MCI.

Methods: This research project was approved by the local ethics committee.

Public Health.

Background: over the past decade, a bi-directional relationship between sleep and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been increasingly recognized, with several studies suggesting a link between self-reported sleep disturbances and AD biomarkers. However, the association between polysomnography (PSG)-assessed sleep parameters and AD biomarkers remains unknown.

Method: We examined 128 participants [mean age 70.

Public Health.

Background: Randomized clinical trials for AD increasingly use composite continuous cognitive endpoints to establish efficacy. While these endpoints provide necessary research and clinical evidence, they do not inform the potential impact on incident MCI/AD. Similarly, studies designed with disease progression as an endpoint fail to incorporate within-person longitudinal cognitive and functional changes in assessment of disease risk, often relying on baseline measures only, or explore cognitive and functional performance change in separate analyses, independent of conversion.

Public Health.

Background: Some evidence suggests the effect of APOE genotype on dementia risk may vary by race/ethnicity and genetic ancestral background. We evaluated APOE genotype and associated dementia risk by genetic ancestry, with a focus on expanding research among participants with non-European ancestry.

Method: The Kaiser Permanente Research Bank (KPRB), one of the largest biobanks in the US, enrolled members of an integrated health system, collected genotyping and health surveys and link to electronic health records (EHR).

Public Health.

Background: Resilience, the ability to maintain normal cognition (cognitive resilience, CR) or brain integrity (brain resilience, BR) despite neuropathological burden, is often quantified using the residual approach. This method calculates residuals from a linear regression where the dependent variable is brain volume or cognition, and the independent variable is neuropathology. Residuals can be corrected to render them independent from the dependent variable, but comparative analyses of residual correction methods within memory clinic populations are scarce.

Public Health.

Background: Cognitive reserve (CR) and Brain Maintenance (BR) are constructs defined at a theoretical level (Stern et al., Neurobiol Aging, 2021 Apr, 124:100-103). Our aim was to propose a reproducible procedure to compare CR-like of BR-like mechanisms underlying interindividual differences in memory stability.

Public Health.

Background: The 2017 Lancet Commission on Dementia Prevention, Intervention and Care included air pollution in the list of potential risk factors for dementia. Air pollution has been associated with an increased risk of dementia in observational studies, but the causal relationship remains unclear. In this study, we used a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis to assess the causal relationship between PM, PM, NO and NO exposure and the occurrence of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia.

Public Health.

Background: Recent developments in blood biomarkers (BBM) have shown promising results in diagnosing amyloid pathology in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, information on how these BBMs can best be used in clinical settings to optimise clinical decision-making and long-term health outcomes for individuals with AD is still lacking. We aim to assess the potential clinical and economic value of BBM in AD diagnosis within the context of disease-modifying treatment (DMT).

Public Health.

Background: N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) is a marker of cardiac health and a strong predictor of mortality, incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), and sudden cardiac death in community populations. A link between the menopause transition (MT), sex hormones, and NTproBNP has been suggested, though, no studies have formally examined how NTproBNP changes over the MT. In addition of being a marker of cardiac health, studies suggest NTproBNP to be related to cognitive performance, yet those studies have not considered the MT.

Public Health.

Background: High body mass index (BMI), which poorly represents specific fat depots, is linked to poorer cognition and higher dementia risk, with different associations between sexes. We examined associations of abdominal fat depots with cognition and brain volumes and whether sex modifies this association.

Method: 204 healthy middle-aged Alzheimer's-dementia (AD) offspring (mean age = 59.

Public Health.

Background: The extended life expectancy in individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) has led to the emergence of age-related diseases, with Alzheimer's disease (AD) being particularly noteworthy due to its nearly full penetrance. The level of intellectual disability (ID), regarded as a proxy for cognitive reserve (CR), explains heterogeneity in cognitive and functional abilities. Despite this, there is a notable lack of exploration into the characterization of resilience factors and their potential influence on the progression along the AD continuum in this population.

Public Health.

Background: Late-life obesity has been reported to have a negative relationship with risk for dementia and has been associated with lower risk of incident Alzheimer's disease (AD) in non-demented individuals. However, associations of obesity and cognition solely in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is unknown. These associations may be confounded by vascular risk that contributes to metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Public Health.

Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) and cerebral arteriosclerosis involving thickening of the vessel wall and stenosis of brain arterioles are common in older adults and associated with poor cognition. The Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND) diet is associated with better cognition. Little is known about the association of the MIND diet with cerebrovascular outcomes and if this association mediates the link between diet and cognition.

Public Health.

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), a proxy for cardiovascular and respiratory function, has been linked to health outcomes, but its association with cognition and dementia risk remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association of CRF with domain-specific cognitive function and dementia risk, taking genetic predisposition for dementia into account.

Method: Within the UK Biobank, 61,214 dementia-free participants aged 39-70 (mean age: 56.

Integrating D-Dimer Thresholds into the Revised Caprini Risk Stratification to Predict Deep Vein Thrombosis Risk in Preoperative Knee Osteoarthritis Patients.

Introduction: Preoperative patients with knee osteoarthritis have a significantly increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). While the Caprini risk assessment model offers some clinical guidance in predicting deep vein thrombosis (DVT), it has a relatively low predictive accuracy. Enhancing the model by integrating biomarkers, such as D-dimers, can potentially improve its accuracy.

Public Health.

Background: Despite evidence that sex can modulate Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, whether risk factors are similarly related to AD markers in women and men remains largely unexplored. We aimed to assess how a combination of potentially modifiable risk factors are associated with cognitive and pathological markers of AD in older women and men.

Method: We included 135 cognitively unimpaired older adults (≥65 years old, 83 women; Table 1) from the Age-Well trial (NCT02977819; baseline data) with multidomain assessments of modifiable risk factors, including cardiovascular (body mass index, systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol), lifestyle (complex mental activity throughout life, physical activity, diet), and psychological (quality of life, depressive and anxiety symptoms, rumination, worry).

SNHG16 alleviates pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting the warburg effect through regulating MTCH2 expression: experimental studies.

Background: Pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury (PIRI) is a major cause of fatality post-lung transplantation. Though some long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been studied in acute lung injury (ALI), their effects on PIRI remain undefined. The present study aims to explore the underlying mechanism of small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16) in PIRI.

Public Health.

Background: A growing body of literature suggests that poor sleep has a negative effect on cognition. However, most prior research has predominantly used subjective sleep data and focused on non-Hispanic White (NHW) populations. Our goal was to explore the associations between objective sleep characteristics and cognition in a racially/ethnically diverse cohort.