Chronic kidney patients struggle with waste elimination and mineral balance in their blood, and hemodialysis (HD) serves as a critical treatment to address these issues.
Reverse osmosis (RO) water, with low total dissolved solids, is used for creating dialysis fluid, and the purity of this water is assessed using advanced techniques like laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).
Comparative studies show that the ultrapure RO water from on-line hemodiafiltration (HDF) machines offers better electrolyte balance for patients, enhancing their quality of life, although the filtration capacity of dialyzers diminishes with repeated use.