Association of Alcohol Use Diagnostic Codes in Pregnancy and Offspring Conotruncal and Endocardial Cushion Heart Defects.

Background The pathogenesis of congenital heart disease (CHD) remains largely unknown, with only a small percentage explained solely by genetic causes. Modifiable environmental risk factors, such as alcohol, are suggested to play an important role in CHD pathogenesis. We sought to evaluate the association between prenatal alcohol exposure and CHD to gain insight into which components of cardiac development may be most vulnerable to the teratogenic effects of alcohol.

Pediatric emergency department shift experiences and moods: An exploratory sequential mixed-methods study.

Objective: The objective was to investigate the impact of affective, social, behavioral, and cognitive factors on pediatric emergency department (PED) provider mood changes during clinical shifts, with the introduction of a novel on-shift measure.

Methods: The nominal group technique was used to generate the ED experience survey (EDES), encompassing factors that may influence PED provider mood. Providers were alerted via experience sampling method to complete the EDES and positive and negative affect schedule at randomly generated times.

Defining "Swarming" as a New Model to Optimize Efficiency and Education in an Academic Emergency Department.

Background: Academic emergency medicine is a constant balance between efficiency and education. We developed a new model called swarming, where the bedside nurse, resident, and attending/fellow simultaneously evaluate the patient, including initial vital signs, bedside triage, focused history and physical examination, and discussion of the treatment plan, thus creating a shared mental model.

Objectives: To combine perceptions from trainee physicians, supervising physicians, nurses, and families with in vivo measurements of emergency department swarms to better conceptualize the swarming model.

Infant intralimb coordination and torque production: Influence of prematurity.

The purpose of this study is to investigate changes in leg joint coordination, intersegmental dynamics, and their relation in infants born preterm (PT) during the first months of life. Kicking actions were analyzed of 11 infants born PT at 6 and 15-weeks corrected age (CA) using three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics; results were compared to the kicking actions of 10 infants born full-term (FT). Both groups changed from a predominately in-phase coordination at 6-weeks CA to a less in-phase coordination at 15-weeks CA, however, at 6-weeks CA, infants born PT demonstrated less in-phase coordination of their ankle joints with their hip and knee joints.

Infant Discovery Learning and Lower Extremity Coordination: Influence of Prematurity.

Aims: Preterm infants at increased risk for neurodevelopmental disabilities, including cerebral palsy, demonstrate reduced selective leg joint coordination. Full-term infants demonstrate more selective hip-knee coordination when specific leg actions are reinforced using an overhead infant mobile. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the ability of preterm infants to: (1) perform and learn through discovery, the contingency between leg action and mobile activation, and (2) demonstrate more selective hip-knee coordination when leg actions are reinforced with mobile activation.

Development of infant leg coordination: Exploiting passive torques.

Leg joint coordination systematically changes over the first months of life, yet there is minimal data on the underlying change in muscle torques that might account for this change in coordination. The purpose of this study is to investigate the contribution of torque changes to early changes in leg joint coordination. Kicking actions were analyzed of 10 full-term infants between 6 and 15-weeks of age using three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics.

Causes of nursery death beyond the neonatal period.

Objective: To investigate causes of death in infants who died after 28 days, beyond the neonatal period but before discharge from the nursery, to establish their clinical courses and causes of death and to attempt to find criteria for earlier identification of these infants.

Methods: We identified 30 such infants (12% of nursery deaths) from 1993 through 1998 and conducted a retrospective review of their records including placental pathology and autopsy reports when available. In all, 14 infants who weighed View Article and Find Full Text PDF