[Primary peritonitis in the newborn: a recently recognised disease].

Background Data: Neonatal primary peritonitis (or autonomic bacterial peritonitis) is a diffuse peritoneal inflammation without any obvious visceral cause. It is a disease rarely described during the neonatal period.

Objective: The aim of the current study was to make the surgical community aware of it, in an attempt to help a prompt diagnose and to avoid any unnecessary surgery in patients admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).