Revealing the Role of Beesioside O from for the Treatment of Breast Cancer Using Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of malignancy-related mortality among women, with rising global incidence. While surgical intervention is effective for early-stage breast cancer, drug therapy is indispensable, particularly for triple-negative breast cancer, where treatment options are still limited. , a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has been historically applied for inflammatory conditions, including pharyngitis and stomatitis.

Medicinal Plant Extracts Targeting UV-Induced Skin Damage: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.

The depletion of the ozone layer has intensified ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure, leading to oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, photoaging, and skin cancer. Medicinal plants, widely used in Traditional Herbal Medicine (THM), particularly in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), have demonstrated significant therapeutic potential due to their well-characterized active compounds and established photoprotective effects. This review systematically evaluates 18 medicinal plants selected based on their traditional use in skin-related conditions and emerging evidence supporting their efficacy against UV-induced skin damage.

The Novel Role of the Expression of Toll-like Receptors TLR-5, TLR-6, and TLR-9 and Associated Up-Regulation of Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor (PD-1) and Its Ligand (PD-L1) in Lung Sepsis.

Sepsis is a leading cause of death in hospitalized patients. The underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of sepsis have not been fully elucidated thus far. The receptor of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), in combination with the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), seem to contribute considerably in systematic responses during sepsis.

Nutrients Lowering Obesity-Linked Chemokines Blamable for Metastasis.

Food intake is an essential contributor to both health and disease. Nutrients contribute to a beneficial metabolic equilibrium at the cellular level, preventing or delaying disease onset. Dietary intake contributes to obesity, and obesity supports further cancer and metastasis.

Lectin-Based Substrate Detection in Fabry Disease Using the Gb3-Binding Lectins StxB and LecA.

Fabry disease, the second most common lysosomal storage disorder, is caused by a deficiency of α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A), which leads to an accumulation of glycosphingolipids (GSL), mainly globotriaosylceramide (also known as Gb3). This aberrant GSL metabolism subsequently causes cellular dysfunction; however, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are still unknown. There is growing evidence that damage to organelles, including lysosomes, mitochondria, and plasma membranes, is associated with substrate accumulation.

Transcriptional Profiling of Abomasal Mucosa from Young Calves Experimentally Infected with .

, also known as the brown stomach worm, causes significant pathology in the abomasum, resulting in production and nutritional losses in cattle. Alternative control measures, such as vaccination, are urgently needed because of rapidly growing anthelmintic drug resistance. There is a need to understand host responses to the infection, especially immune responses, to advance vaccine discovery and design.

Differential Myocardial Responses in Male and Female Rats with Uremic Cardiomyopathy.

Uremic cardiomyopathy, characterized by diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and fibrosis, is a common cardiovascular complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Men are at a higher risk for cardiovascular and renal diseases, compared to age-matched, pre-menopausal women. We aimed to investigate the influence of sex on the severity of uremic cardiomyopathy through the characterization of functional and molecular indices of myocardial remodeling in a rat model.

Effects of Vinorelbine on M2 Macrophages in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) significantly influence tumor progression and patient responses to conventional chemotherapy. However, the interplay between anti-cancer drugs, immune responses in the tumor microenvironment, and their implications for cancer treatment remains poorly understood. This study investigates the effects of vinorelbine on M2 macrophages in lung cancer and its capacity to modulate TAMs toward an M1 phenotype.

Mechanism Analysis of Mediated Regulation of Rice Resistance to Sheath Blight.

Transcription factors are pivotal molecules involved in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation in plants, playing a crucial role in combating biological stress. Here, we have characterized a regulatory factor, , which governs the response of rice to infection by AG1-IA. The expression of significantly impacts the susceptibility of rice to infection.

MELK as a Mediator of Stemness and Metastasis in Aggressive Subtypes of Breast Cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the breast cancer subtype with the poorest prognosis and lacks actionable molecular targets for treatment. Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) is highly expressed in TNBC and has been implicated in poor clinical outcomes, though its mechanistic role in the aggressive biology of TNBC is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate a role of MELK in TNBC progression and metastasis.

Enhanced Anti-Tumor Effects of Natural Killer Cell-Derived Exosomes Through Doxorubicin Delivery to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells: Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Study.

Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles secreted by various cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, and are known for their low toxicity, high permeability, biocompatibility, and strong targeting ability. NK cell-derived exosomes (NK-exos) contain cytotoxic proteins that enhance tumor-targeting efficiency, making them suitable for treating solid tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite their potential in drug delivery, the mechanisms of drug-loaded NK-exos, particularly those loaded with doxorubicin (NK-exos-Dox), remain unclear in HCC.

Insights on the Role of Sialic Acids in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children.

Sialic acids serve as crucial terminal sugars on glycoproteins or glycolipids present on cell surfaces. These sugars are involved in diverse physiological and pathological processes through their interactions with carbohydrate-binding proteins, facilitating cell-cell communication and influencing the outcomes of bacterial and viral infections. The role of hypersialylation in tumor growth and metastasis has been widely studied.

Association Between TP53 Mutations and Platinum Resistance in a Cohort of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Patients: Novel Implications for Personalized Therapeutics.

The integrity of p53 machinery is crucial for platinum activity, while p53 mutation is frequent in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGS-OC). This study aimed to evaluate the link between p53 mutations, platinum sensitivity (PS), and the platinum-free interval (PFI) in patients with HGS-OC. We prospectively analyzed 159 consecutive women with ovarian cancer who underwent surgery.

The Impact of Steatotic Liver Disease on Cytokine and Chemokine Kinetics During Sepsis.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has recently been linked with sepsis outcomes. However, the immune mechanisms by which MASLD aggravates sepsis severity are unknown. This prospective cohort study aimed to analyze serum cytokine and chemokine kinetics in patients with MASLD and community-acquired sepsis.

Negative Hyperselection in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer for First-Line Anti-EGFR Therapy: A Narrative Review.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with metastatic disease posing significant therapeutic challenges. While anti-EGFR therapy has improved outcomes for patients with and wild-type tumors, resistance remains a major hurdle, limiting treatment efficacy. The concept of negative hyperselection has emerged as a refinement of molecular profiling, identifying additional genomic alterations-such as and amplificationsand mutations-that predict resistance to anti-EGFR agents.

Alcoholic Extract Targets Warburg Effect, Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Progression in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second deadliest cancer in the Western world. Increased body weight, a diet rich in red meat and alcohol, as well as a sedentary lifestyle, are all involved in sporadic CRC pathogenesis. Since current CRC therapies show several side effects, there is a need to find new and more effective therapeutic approaches, allowing conventional drug dosages and toxicity to be reduced.

The Intersection of Mitophagy and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental and biobehavioral conditions that arises from complex interactions between environmental factors and physiological development in genetically predisposed individuals. Among the most frequently observed metabolic abnormalities in ASD is mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria respond to cellular stress by altering their dynamics or initiating mitophagy.

Isolation, Characterization, and In Vitro Cell Studies of Plant-Based Exosome-like Nanovesicles for Treatment of Early Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis, affecting over 8 million people in the UK, remains a debilitating condition with limited treatment options. Current therapies primarily address symptoms and can exacerbate joint damage over time. Developing disease-modifying drugs that alleviate inflammation and promote joint regeneration is crucial for long-term patient benefit.

Targeting Tumor Microenvironment Interactions in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Using Leukotriene Inhibitors.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells depend on microenvironment niches for proliferation and survival. The adhesion of tumor cells to stromal cells in such niches triggers the activation of signaling pathways crucial for their survival, including B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling. While inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTKi) have shown efficacy in patients with CLL by disrupting these interactions, acquired resistance and toxicity remain a challenge during long-term therapy.

Hypothetical Pathogenetic Model of Membranous Nephropathy.

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a disease with an etiology and pathogenesis that are still not fully understood, and it represents a great challenge. It is characterized by a variable course, spontaneous remissions and relapses. The inability to rely entirely on antibodies and the continuous threat of a malignant disease make the differentiation of MN types extremely difficult.

Dinaciclib Interrupts Cell Cycle and Induces Apoptosis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential.

Dinaciclib, a potent cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, has demonstrated considerable antitumor effects in various malignancies. However, its impact on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a predominant and highly aggressive form of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) with limited treatment options, remains underexplored. We conducted gene set enrichment analyses in HNSC patients that reinforced the relevance of these cell cycle-related genes to OSCC pathogenesis.

A Review of FDA-Approved Multi-Target Angiogenesis Drugs for Brain Tumor Therapy.

Neovascularization is an important process in brain tumor development, invasion and metastasis. Several research studies have indicated that the VEGF signaling target has potential for reducing angiogenesis in brain tumors. However, targeting VEGF signaling has not met the expected efficacy, despite initial enthusiasm.

Molecular Approaches to Treating Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Current Perspectives and Future Directions.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a clinical syndrome that presents as airflow limitation with poor reversibility accompanied by dynamic hyperinflation of the lung. It is a complex disease with chronic inflammatory airway changes caused by exposure to noxious particles or gases, such as cigarette smoke. The disease involves persistent inflammation and oxidative stress, perpetuated by frequent exacerbations.

The Prognostic Role of miR-375 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Trial Sequential Analysis.

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies with poor survival outcomes, particularly in advanced stages. Identifying prognostic biomarkers could help improve patient management. miR-375, a small non-coding RNA, has been shown to influence tumor growth and immune responses, making it a candidate biomarker.

Novel Cell Models to Study Myelin and Microglia Interactions.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by demyelination and neuroinflammation, with oxidative stress playing a pivotal role in lesion pathology. This study aimed to investigate the differential cellular responses to myelin debris under varying oxidative states. Myelin oxidation was induced using a Cu-peroxide system, confirmed by elevated TBARS levels and autofluorescence.