PGAM5 Modulates Macrophage Polarization, Aggravating Inflammation in COPD via the NF-κB Pathway.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has emerged as a very consequential issue threatening human life and health; therefore, research on its pathogenesis is urgently needed. A prior investigation discovered a significant elevation in the phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) expression in the lung tissue of COPD smoking patients. This rise in expression is closely associated with COPD severity.

Assessment of unrecognized myocardial infarction using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with endstage renal disease.

Objective: To assess the frequency of unrecognized myocardial infarction and identify additional ischemic conditions, as well as to evaluate the efficacy of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) in risk groups, comparing the imaging findings with electro-cardiographic (ECG) and laboratory data in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease, also known as end-stage renal disease.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective single-center study involving 20 patients who were referred to our radiology department to undergo CMRI between June 2010 and December 2011. Resting left ventricular functions and (early and late) myocardial contrast enhancement were assessed in all patients.

Injectable photosensitive bone cement enhancing angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation for the treatment of bone nonunion.

Nonunion fractures present a significant clinical challenge because of their complex microenvironment, which includes poor vascularization, insufficient osteogenesis, infection, and separation of fracture ends. The current clinical treatments have certain limitations. Inspired by this phenomenon, sandcastle worms secrete adhesive proteins that bind sand grains, shell fragments, and mineral particles, thereby constructing their "castles.

Accessory Penile Frenulum: May Go Unnoticed throughout the Journey to Graveyard.

An accessory frenulum of the penis is so rare that only four cases have been documented so far. We came across a case of 45-year-old, sexually active man who sought medical attention for right foot injury caused by a road traffic accident. During a detailed clinical evaluation, he was discovered to have double frenulum in his penis.

Cleft Palate-Lateral Synechiae Syndrome: A Case Report.

Lateral synechiae (LS) are fibrous bands extending from the cleft edges to the lateral edges of the tongue. The etiology of LS is still not clear, and although they are rare, they usually coexist with cleft lip palate and other congenital anomalies. In this study, we report a case of cleft palate-lateral synechiae syndrome.

Unraveling the impact of laser refractive surgery on corneal ectasia: an study.

Introduction: Laser refractive surgeries are a safe option for low-to-moderate refractive corrections, providing excellent visual outcomes. Over the years, various procedures have been introduced into clinical practice, but the most performed today remain Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK), Laser Keratomileusis (LASIK), and Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE). Although laser refractive treatments are considered safe, clinicians have focused on the risk of post-surgical ectasia, a rare but serious complication.

Mitochondrial Regulator CRIF1 Plays a Critical Role in the Development and Homeostasis of Alveolar Macrophages via Maintaining Metabolic Fitness.

The importance of mitochondrial function in macrophages is well established. Alveolar macrophages (AMs), the tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) of the lung, are particularly dependent on mitochondria-driven oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to support their functions and maintain homeostasis. However, the specific genes and pathways that regulate OXPHOS in AMs remain unclear.

Functional redundancy of transcription factors SlNOR and SlNOR-like1 is required for pollen development in tomato.

In tomato, SlNOR and SlNOR-like1 members of the NAC family of transcription factors (TFs), are known to play critical roles in regulating fruit ripening and are highly expressed in floral organs. However, their role in flower development remains unclear. In this study, we generated and functionally characterized a double knockout mutant, .

Severity of Achilles Tendinopathy on Preoperative MRI and Short-term Functional Outcomes After Minimally Invasive Zadek Osteotomy.

Background: Limited literature is available to guide surgeons on which patients with insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT) may be the best candidates for minimally invasive dorsal closing wedge calcaneal Zadek osteotomy (MIS ZO). We hypothesized that the severity of IAT on preoperative magnetic resonance image (MRI) may correlate with post-operative functional outcomes and help guide patient selection for treatment with MIS ZO.

Methods: Patients who underwent MIS ZO for IAT ± Haglund deformity were identified and retrospectively analyzed.

Advancing Nanomedicine Through Electron Microscopy: Insights Into Nanoparticle Cellular Interactions and Biomedical Applications.

Nanomedicine has revolutionized cancer treatment by the development of nanoparticles (NPs) that offer targeted therapeutic delivery and reduced side effects. NPs research in nanomedicine significantly focuses on understanding their cellular interactions and intracellular mechanisms. A precise understanding of nanoparticle interactions at the subcellular level is crucial for their effective application in cancer therapy.

Corrigendum: Gestational diabetes mellitus and polycystic ovary syndrome, a position statement from EGOI-PCOS.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2025.

Improving neuroblastoma risk prediction through a polygenic risk score derived from genome-wide association study-identified loci.

Objective: Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children and has complex genetic underpinnings. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified many loci associated with neuroblastoma susceptibility; however, their application in risk prediction for Chinese children has not been systematically explored. This study seeks to enhance neuroblastoma risk prediction by validating these loci and evaluating their performance in polygenic risk models.

Clinicopathological and molecular features of HR /HER2 breast cancer patients with distinct endocrine resistance patterns.

Objective: Recurrence continues to be a pivotal challenge among hormone receptor-positive (HR)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2) breast cancers. In the international consensus guidelines, HR/HER2 breast cancer relapse patterns are divided into three distinct types: primary resistant, secondary resistant, and endocrine sensitive. However, owing to the lack of cohorts with treatment and follow-up data, the heterogeneity among different recurrence patterns remains uncharted.

Integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptomes uncovers clinically relevant molecular subtypes in human prostate cancer.

Objective: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a complex disease characterized by diverse cellular ecosystems within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and high tumor heterogeneity, which challenges clinically stratified management and reinforces the need for novel strategies to fight against castration-resistant PCa (CRPC).

Methods: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on 10 untreated primary PCa tissues and integrated public scRNA-seq resources from three normal prostate tissues, two untreated primary PCa tissues, and six CRPC tumors to portray a comprehensive cellular and molecular interaction atlas of PCa. We further integrated the single-cell and bulk transcriptomes of PCa to establish a molecular classification system.

Deep learning-based multi-task prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy using multiscale whole slide images in breast cancer: A multicenter study.

Objective: Early predicting response before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is crucial for personalized treatment plans for locally advanced breast cancer patients. We aim to develop a multi-task model using multiscale whole slide images (WSIs) features to predict the response to breast cancer NAC more finely.

Methods: This work collected 1,670 whole slide images for training and validation sets, internal testing sets, external testing sets, and prospective testing sets of the weakly-supervised deep learning-based multi-task model (DLMM) in predicting treatment response and pCR to NAC.

Preoperative localization of parathyroid glands in secondary hyperparathyroidism: correlations between 99mTc-MIBI-SPECT/CT, ultrasound, and pathological characteristics.

Objective: To investigate the association between imaging findings and histopathological characteristics of parathyroid glands in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT).

Methods: Seventy-four glands from 21 patients with SHPT who underwent parathyroidectomy were evaluated for their pathological characteristics. The detection rates of parathyroid glands using ultrasound (US) and 99Tc-MIBI-SPECT/CT (MIBI) were compared.

Esophageal Siderosis: An Unusual Complication of Oral Iron Therapy.

Iron is the most common nutritional deficiency encountered in the United States, with over 15% of Americans using some form of daily oral iron supplementation. Although commonly associated with minor gastrointestinal side effects, severe gastrointestinal complications are rare. Direct cytotoxic mucosal damage and subsequent ulcer formation have rarely been reported.

Propofol versus Dexmedetomidine for Sedation of Cancer Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: Randomized Single-Blinded Controlled Study.

Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a primary diagnostic and therapeutic option for pancreaticobiliary pathologies.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine versus propofol during ERCP in cancer patients.

Methods: This randomized controlled single-blinded trial was conducted with 202 cancer patients aged 21 to 60 years, of both sexes, with a body mass index of 18.

Computed Tomography-Based Habitat Analysis for Prognostic Stratification in Colorectal Liver Metastases.

Background: Colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) has a poor prognosis, and traditional prognostic models have certain limitations in clinical application. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of CT-based habitat analysis in CRLM patients and compare it with existing traditional prognostic models to provide more evidence for individualized treatment of CRLM patients.

Methods: This retrospective study included 197 patients with CRLM whose preoperative contrast-enhanced CT images and corresponding DICOM Segmentation Objects (DSOs) were obtained from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA).

Isoflavones: Promising Natural Agent for Cancer Prevention and Treatment.

Isoflavones are currently being investigated by researchers in order to demonstrate their ability to prevent the proliferation of cancer cells. The current review aimed to demonstrate the potential of isoflavones to eliminate cancerous cells in the stomach, liver, lung, breast, and prostate, as their anticancer properties are due to the ability to block the signaling pathways of the extracellular signal-controlled kinase (MAPK/ERK) and proteasome (PI3K/AKT/mTOR). Isoflavones can inhibit the cell division of various cancer cells.

Advances in sulodexide-based long-term anticoagulation for a myasthenia gravis patient with giant thymoma.

This case report describes a geriatric male patient with myasthenia gravis (MG) secondary to giant thymoma, presenting with progressive muscle weakness and ptosis. The diagnosis of MG was confirmed through pathology, imaging, and laboratory evaluations. Considering the significant surgical risks associated with the giant thymoma, adjuvant chemotherapy was initiated.

Myositis of pterygoid muscles and superior ophthalmic vein and cavernous sinus thrombosis in active Crohn's disease undergoing ustekinumab treatment: a case report and literature review.

Introduction: Myositis is a rare extra-intestinal presentation in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and its occurrence has only been described in a few case reports. However, it is essential to consider other potential causes as patients with IBD are more susceptible to infections due to their immunocompromised status, which may also be exacerbated by immunosuppressive drugs contributing to myositis. Our case highlights the complexity and challenges in diagnosing and managing myositis in patients with IBD as well as a review of the literature.

Fluorescence-guided Surgery for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Clinical Practice to Laboratories.

Fluorescence navigation is a novel technique for accurately identifying hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lesions during hepatectomy, enabling real-time visualization. Indocyanine green-based fluorescence guidance has been commonly used to demarcate HCC lesion boundaries, but it cannot distinguish between benign and malignant liver tumors. This review focused on the clinical applications and limitations of indocyanine green, as well as recent advances in novel fluorescent probes for fluorescence-guided surgery of HCC.