Evaluating oomycete pathogen and community responses to chemical- and Slow Sand Filtration-based water treatment strategies to enable water recycling in nursery production systems.

While recycling irrigation water can reduce water use constraints and costs in nurseries, adoption is hindered by the associated risk of recirculating and spreading waterborne pathogens. To enable regional water re-use, this study assessed oomycete re-circulation risks and recycled water treatment efficacy at organismal and community scales. In culture-based analysis of recycled pond water at two Mid-Atlantic nurseries across three years, diverse oomycetes (12+ species) were detected using culture-based analysis, with Phytopythium helicoides as the dominant species; MiSeq analysis detected eight of these species, plus 24 additional taxa.

Radiation-induced osteosarcoma of the frontoparietal calvaria 6 years after oligodendroglioma treatment: illustrative case.

Background: Radiation-induced sarcoma (RIS) is an exceptionally rare occurrence following radiation therapy, and manifestation usually occurs after a several-year latency period. Herein, the authors report the development of a radiation-induced osteosarcoma of the frontoparietal calvaria following treatment for an oligodendroglioma in an 84-year-old woman.

Observations: The patient had been diagnosed with a grade III anaplastic oligodendroglioma when she was 78 years old.

Optic nerve sheath schwannoma: illustrative case.

Background: Optic nerve schwannomas are an extremely rare pathology in neurosurgery. Their origin is rather debatable given the structure of the optic nerve, which does not typically have Schwann cells therein. However, a number of clinical cases of optic nerve tumors classified as schwannomas have been described in the literature.

Endovascular Approaches to Diagnosing Pelvic Varicose Veins in Men: Investigating Efficacy and Outcomes.

Pelvic Venous Disorder (PEVD) and May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) represent relatively understudied vascular issues that can significantly impact patients' quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of surgical treatment for PEVD and MTS, conduct a comparative analysis of outcomes, and determine the practical significance of different therapeutic approaches. The study was conducted from 2019 to 2022 in Moscow, Russia, encompassing two outpatient clinics.

An Artificial Intelligence Model Using Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging Metrics Accurately Predicts Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: Conventional prostate magnetic resonance imaging has limited accuracy for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). We performed diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) prior to biopsy and applied artificial intelligence models to these DBSI metrics to predict csPCa.

Materials And Methods: Between February 2020 and March 2024, 241 patients underwent prostate MRI that included conventional and DBSI-specific sequences prior to prostate biopsy.

14-3-3 promotes sarcolemmal expression of cardiac Ca1.2 and nucleates isoproterenol-triggered channel superclustering.

The L-type Ca channel (Ca1.2) is essential for cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. To contribute to the inward Ca flux that drives Ca-induced-Ca-release, Ca1.

Chronic stress-induced cholesterol metabolism abnormalities promote ESCC tumorigenesis and predict neoadjuvant therapy response.

Recent studies have demonstrated that chronic stress can enhance the development of multiple human diseases, including cancer. However, the role of chronic stress in esophageal carcinogenesis and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study uncovered that dysregulated cholesterol metabolism significantly promotes esophageal carcinogenesis under chronic stress conditions.

Intraspecific Variation and Recent Loss of Ancient, Conserved Effector Genes in the Sudden Oak Death Pathogen .

Members of the genus are responsible for many important diseases in agricultural and natural ecosystems. causes devastating diseases of oak, and tanoak stands in US forests and larch in the UK. The four evolutionary lineages involved express different virulence phenotypes on plant hosts, and characterization of gene content is foundational to understanding the basis for these differences.

Small molecule modulators of B56-PP2A restore 4E-BP function to suppress eIF4E-dependent translation in cancer cells.

Dysregulated eIF4E-dependent translation is a central driver of tumorigenesis and therapy resistance. eIF4E binding proteins (4E-BP1/2/3) are major negative regulators of eIF4E-dependent translation that are inactivated in tumors through inhibitory phosphorylation or downregulation. Previous studies have linked PP2A phosphatase(s) to activation of 4E-BP1.

A single-cell atlas of the Culex tarsalis midgut during West Nile virus infection.

The mosquito midgut functions as a key interface between pathogen and vector. However, studies of midgut physiology and virus infection dynamics are scarce, and in Culex tarsalis-an extremely efficient vector of West Nile virus (WNV)-nonexistent. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on Cx.

Triatoma venosa and Panstrongylus geniculatus challenge the certification of interruption of vectorial Trypanosoma cruzi transmission by Rhodnius prolixus in eastern Colombia.

Reactivation of Trypanosoma cruzi transmission by native vectors with different domiciliation capabilities is a major concern for Chagas disease control programs. T. cruzi transmission via intra-domestic Rhodnius prolixus was certified as interrupted by the Pan American Health Organization in Miraflores municipality (Boyacá, Colombia) in 2019.

Alternative approaches for monitoring and evaluation of lymphatic filariasis following mass drug treatment with ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine and albendazole in East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea.

Background: WHO recommends two annual rounds of mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, and albendazole (IDA) for lymphatic filariasis (LF) elimination in treatment naïve areas that are not co-endemic for onchocerciasis such as Papua New Guinea (PNG). Whether two rounds of MDA are necessary or sufficient and the optimal sampling strategies and endpoints for stopping MDA remain undefined.

Methods And Findings: Two cross-sectional studies were conducted at baseline (N = 49 clusters or villages) and 12 months after mass drug administration (MDA) with IDA (N = 47 villages) to assess lymphatic filariasis (LF) by circulating filarial antigenemia (CFA) and microfilariae (Mf).

Spectrum and trends of cancer among HIV patients in Southwestern Uganda.

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) restores cellular immunity, significantly reducing AIDS-related mortality and morbidity thus improving the quality of life among People living with HIV (PLHIV). Studies done in several countries show a decline in AIDS defining cancers (ADCs) with the introduction of ART however the increased longevity has led to the increase of Non-AIDS defining cancers (NADCs). The study was aimed at studying the changing spectrum and trends of cancer among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients in southwestern Uganda.

Inhibition of Src signaling induces autophagic killing of Toxoplasma gondii via PTEN-mediated deactivation of Akt.

The intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii manipulates host cell signaling to avoid targeting by autophagosomes and lysosomal degradation. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a mediator of this survival strategy. However, EGFR expression is limited in the brain and retina, organs affected in toxoplasmosis.

Integrated in silico and in vitro exploration of the anti-VEGFR-2 activities of a semisynthetic xanthine alkaloid inhibiting breast cancer.

This study presents T-1-NBAB, a new compound derived from the natural xanthine alkaloid theobromine, aimed at inhibiting VEGFR-2, a crucial protein in angiogenesis. T-1-NBAB's potential to interacts with and inhibit the VEGFR-2 was indicated using in silico techniques like molecular docking, MD simulations, MM-GBSA, PLIP, essential dynamics, and bi-dimensional projection experiments. DFT experiments was utilized also to study the structural and electrostatic properties of T-1-NBAB.

Identification and validation of key autophagy-related genes in lupus nephritis by bioinformatics and machine learning.

Introduction: Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most frequent and serious organic manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Autophagy, a new form of programmed cell death, has been implicated in a variety of renal diseases, but the relationship between autophagy and LN remains unelucidated.

Methods: We analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in kidney tissues from 14 LN patients and 7 normal controls using the GSE112943 dataset.

xCT as a potential marker for neuroendocrine cells in high-risk prostate cancer and the relation to AL122023.1-miR-26a/30d/30e axis.

Prostate cancer is the second most common type of cancer in male worldwide. Stromal-epithelial interaction is thought to have a major impact on cancer development and progression. Previous studies have shown that interaction via soluble factors lead to a reduction in the expression of xCT and AL122023.

The cellular response of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in keratoconus human corneal fibroblasts to RB-PDT: Insights into cytokines, chemokines and related signaling pathways.

Purpose: Rose Bengal Photodynamic Therapy (RB-PDT) offers dual therapeutic benefits by enhancing corneal stiffness and providing antibacterial activity, presenting significant potential for patients with keratoconus complicated by keratitis. Our purpose was to assess the effect of rose bengal photodynamic therapy (RB-PDT) on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as on extracellular matrix (ECM)-related molecules, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation of keratoconus human corneal fibroblasts (KC-HCFs). Additionally, the involvement of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways which are downstream of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway were examined.

Deep learning based analysis of G3BP1 protein expression to predict the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Background: Ras-GTPase-activating protein (GAP)-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) emerges as a pivotal oncogenic gene across various malignancies, notably including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The use of automated image analysis tools for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of particular proteins is highly beneficial, as it could reduce the burden on pathologists. Interestingly, there have been no prior studies that have examined G3BP1 IHC staining using digital pathology.

Identification of key regulators in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using network theoretical approach.

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with poor clinical outcomes, which is mainly because of delayed disease detection, resistance to chemotherapy, and lack of specific targeted therapies. The disease's development involves complex interactions among immunological, genetic, and environmental factors, yet its molecular mechanism remains elusive. A major challenge in understanding PDAC etiology lies in unraveling the genetic profiling that governs the PDAC network.

Distinguishing benign and malignant myxoid soft tissue tumors: Performance of radiomics vs. radiologists.

Introduction: Benign and malignant myxoid soft tissue tumors have shared clinical, imaging, and histologic features that can make diagnosis challenging. The purpose of this study is comparison of the diagnostic performance of a radiomic based machine learning (ML) model to musculoskeletal radiologists.

Methods: Manual segmentation of 90 myxoid soft tissue tumors (45 myxomas and 45 myxofibrosarcomas) was performed on axial T1, and T2FS or STIR magnetic resonance imaging sequences.

CSF cytokine, chemokine and injury biomarker profile of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) autoimmunity.

Defining the CSF cytokine/chemokine and injury biomarker signature of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) autoimmunity can inform immunopathogenesis. CSF GFAP-IgG-positive samples (N = 98) were tested for 17 cytokines/chemokines, neurofilament light chain (NfL), and GFAP (ELLA, Bio-Techne). Controls included non-inflammatory (N = 42), AQP4-IgG-positive (N = 83), CNS infections (N = 13), and neurosarcoidosis (N = 32).

Morphometric assessment of mandibles with complications resulting from temporomandibular joint ankylosis in children from 4 months to 3 years of age.

: The main aim of this paper was to perform the morphological assessment of children's mandibles of different etiology of dys-functions within the temporomandibular joint, from isolated idiopathic ankylosis to craniofacial malformations co-existing with genetic disorders. : The investigations encompassed seven patients at the age of 0-3. Measurements were conducted on the basis of data obtained from computed tomography.

A rare and challenging case of amelanotic subungual melanoma from Syria.

Subungual melanoma accounts for 1.9% of cutaneous melanomas. Amelanotic cases, comprising 15-25%, poses a significant diagnostic challenge because it can be misdiagnosed as other traumatic, inflammatory, or neoplastic conditions.