Contribution of inter-trial phase coherence at theta, alpha, and beta frequencies in auditory change detection.

Introduction: Auditory change detection is a pre-attentive cortical auditory processing ability. Many neurological and psychological disorders can lead to defects in this process. Some studies have shown that phase synchronization may be related to auditory discrimination.

US Risk Stratification System for Follicular Thyroid Neoplasms.

Background Preoperative assessment of follicular thyroid neoplasms is challenging using the current US risk stratification systems (RSSs) that are applicable to papillary thyroid neoplasms. Purpose To develop a US feature-based RSS for differentiating between follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) in biopsy-proven follicular neoplasm and compare it with existing RSSs. Materials and Methods This retrospective multicenter study included consecutive adult patients who underwent conventional US and received a final diagnosis of follicular thyroid neoplasm from seven centers between January 2018 and December 2022.

Role of insula and its subregions in progression from recent onset to chronic idiopathic tinnitus.

We determined the structural and functional alterations in the insula and its subregions in patients with idiopathic tinnitus in order to identify the neural changes involved in the progression from recent onset to chronic tinnitus. We recruited 24 recent-onset tinnitus patients, 32 chronic tinnitus patients and 36 healthy controls. We measured the grey matter volume and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation of the insula and its subregions and the functional connectivity within the insula and between the insula and the rest of the brain.

XFab-α4-1BB/CD40L fusion protein activates dendritic cells, improves expansion of antigen-specific T cells, and exhibits antitumour efficacy in multiple solid tumour models.

Background: Additional immunotherapies are still warranted for non-responders to checkpoint inhibitors with refractory or relapsing cancers, especially for patients with "cold" tumours lacking significant immune infiltration at treatment onset. We developed XFab-α4-1BB/CD40L, a bispecific antibody targeting 4-1BB and CD40 for dendritic cell activation and priming of tumour-reactive T cells to inhibit tumours.

Methods: XFab-α4-1BB/CD40L was developed by engineering an anti-4-1BB Fab arm into a CD40L trimer based on XFab® platform.

Diagnosis and Open Surgical Management of Laimer's Diverticulum: Case Series and Review of the Literature.

Laimer's diverticulum (LD) is a very rare clinical entity originating between the cricopharyngeus muscle (CPM) and circular muscular fibers of the esophagus. Its diagnosis and management remain to be elucidated. This article summarizes our experience in its diagnosis and open surgical management.

Case report: MRI changes of the inner ear in an MD patient with suspected immune dysfunction.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to present the progressive changes from labyrinthitis to endolymphatic hydrops (EH) demonstrated in the inner ear MRI of a patient with MD and suspected immune dysfunction.

Patient: This 31-year-old male was diagnosed with MD and suspected autoimmune diseases.

Interventions: Immunosuppressants and biological agents.

Intracapsular Enucleation of Brachial Plexus Schwannoma With Intraoperative Neuromonitoring: A Case Series Study and a Review of Literature.

Objective: Brachial plexus schwannoma (BPS) is a rare clinical entity that poses a significant challenge for head and neck surgeons due to its neuroanatomical complexity and potential severe complications, such as major motor or sensory neurological deficits or pain of the corresponding upper extremity. This article summarizes our experience in its diagnosis and intracapsular enucleation with intraoperative neuromonitoring (INM).

Methods: A retrospective review of BPS cases treated at our tertiary medical institution was conducted between April 2020 and May 2023.

Autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss caused by a novel mutation in : A case report and review of the literature.

Background: Variants in the gene commonly result in Usher syndrome, and in rare cases lead to autosomal dominant non-syndromic deafness (DFNA11). Currently, only nine variants have been reported to be responsible for DFNA11 and their clinical phenotypes are not identical. Here we present a novel variant causing DFNA11 identified in a three-generation Chinese family.

Evaluation of the relationship between endolymphatic hydrops and hearing loss in Meniere's disease based on three-dimensional real inversion recovery sequence.

Objectives: The degree of endolymphatic hydrops in Meniere's disease may be related to hearing loss. However, the results of prior studies have been inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the relationship between endolymphatic hydrops and hearing loss characteristics in Meniere's disease.

A Biodegradable, Adhesive, and Stretchable Hydrogel and Potential Applications for Allergic Rhinitis and Epistaxis.

Bioadhesive hydrogels have attracted considerable attention as innovative materials in medical interventions and human-machine interface engineering. Despite significant advances in their application, it remains critical to develop adhesive hydrogels that meet the requirements for biocompatibility, biodegradability, long-term strong adhesion, and efficient drug delivery vehicles in moist conditions. A biocompatible, biodegradable, soft, and stretchable hydrogel made from a combination of a biopolymer (unmodified natural gelatin) and stretchable biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate is proposed to achieve durable and tough adhesion and explore its use for convenient and effective intranasal hemostasis and drug administration.

D-galactose-induced mitochondrial oxidative damage and apoptosis in the cochlear stria vascularis of mice.

Background: Age-related hearing loss, known as presbycusis, is the result of auditory system degeneration. Numerous studies have suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial oxidative damage play important roles in the occurrence and progression of aging. The D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging model is well known and widely utilized in aging research.

The association between nasal mucosa bacteria and serum metals in children with nasal diseases.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) and adenoid hypertrophy (AH) are common nasal diseases in children. Studies have shown that heavy metals are environmental risk factors for nasal diseases, and the pathogenic mechanisms may be related to dysregulation of nasal mucosal microbiota. However, it is unclear how heavy metal exposure relates to the nasal mucosal microbiota in nasal diseases.

[Current diagnosis and treatment of skull base osteomyelitis].

Skull base osteomyelitis is a rare, refractory, and potentially fatal disease primarily caused by otogenic and sino rhinogenic infections. At times, it can mimic neoplasia complicating the diagnosis. With the use of antibiotics, advancements in diagnostic methods, and skull base surgical techniques, the mortality rate has significantly improved.

[A multi-center observation of the therapeutic efficacy of Bencycloquidium bromide in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis with predominant symptoms of rhinorrhea].

To observe the efficacy and safety of the M receptor antagonist Bencycloquidium bromide nasal spray in treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis with runny nose as the main symptom. From August 2021 to September 2021, 134 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were enrolled in the otolaryngology Outpatient Department of Peking University Third Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University and China-Japanese Friendship Hospital of Jilin University, including 71 males and 63 females, with a median age of 38 years. TNSS score and visual analogue scale（VAS） of total nasal symptoms were observed during 2 weeks of treatment with Bencycloquidium bromide nasal spray.

A Comparison Between W Score and RYAN Score in Diagnosing Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease.

Objective: To assess the diagnostic value of the W score in differentiating laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) patients from the normal population by pharyngeal pH (Dx-pH) monitoring, compared with the RYAN score.

Methods: One hundred and eight patients with suspected LPRD and complete follow-up results after more than 8 weeks of anti-reflux therapy were enrolled from the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gastroenterology and Respiratory Medicine of seven hospitals. Their Dx-pH monitoring data before treatment were reanalyzed to obtain the W score in addition to the RYAN score and then the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were compared and evaluated with reference to the result of anti-reflux therapy.

Injury and protection of spiral ganglion neurons.

Cochlear spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are bipolar ganglion cells and are the first neurons in the auditory transduction pathway. They transmit complex acoustic information from hair cells to second-order sensory neurons in the cochlear nucleus for sound processing. Injury to SGNs causes largely irreversible hearing impairment because these neurons are highly differentiated cells and cannot regenerate, making treatment of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) arising from SGN injury difficult.

Multimodal quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the thalamus in tinnitus patients with different outcomes after sound therapy.

Aims: This study systematically investigated structural and functional alterations in the thalamus and its subregions using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and examined its clinical relevance in tinnitus patients with different outcomes after sound therapy (narrowband noise).

Methods: In total, 60 patients with persistent tinnitus and 57 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Based on treatment efficacy, 28 patients were categorized into the effective group and 32 into the ineffective group.

Epigenetics: Novel crucial approach for osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells.

Bone has a robust regenerative potential, but its capacity to repair critical-sized bone defects is limited. In recent years, stem cells have attracted significant interest for their potential in tissue engineering. Applying mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for enhancing bone regeneration is a promising therapeutic strategy.

Current understanding of disease control and its application in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: Disease control is a primary treatment goal for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This study aims to summarize the evaluation parameters of disease control and then identify predictors of poorly controlled CRS.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed on PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane databases to identify studies relating to disease control in CRS.

[Incidence and prognosis of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain: a national multi-center survey of 35 566 population].

This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction.

Case report: Muscle involvement in a Chinese patient with -related disorder.

The gene encodes tRNA nucleotidyltransferase 1, which catalyzes the addition of cytosine-cytosine-adenosine (CCA) to the ends of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs. The most common clinical phenotype associated with is autosomal recessive sideroblastic anemia with B-cell immunodeficiency, periodic fever, and developmental delay (SIFD). Muscle involvement has rarely been reported in -related disorders.

Correlation between grading methods of the cochlear endolymphatic hydrops and hearing loss in meniere's disease using three-dimensional real inversion recovery sequences.

Background: The grading of intracochlear endolymphatic hydrops (EH) in Meniere's disease (MD) varies and lacks uniformity.

Aims: To compare the grading consistency and correlation between different grade methods of intracochlear EH and hearing loss.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-one patients diagnosed with MD underwent gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.