Comparison of original and new South African formulae for age estimation in African Black and white children and adolescents using dental and hand-wrist methods.

Background: Methods for age estimation in children involve measurements of: (1) the projections of open apices and tooth heights (T), (2) the total area of the carpal bones and the epiphyses of the ulna and radius (HW), and (3) a combination of these parameters (THW). This study aimed to compare the accuracy of the original formulae for T, HW, and THW in Black South African (BSA) and White South African (WSA) samples of children and adolescents.

Materials And Methods: The sample comprised 556 subjects, 164 BSA (71 males and 93 females) and 392 WSA (171 males and 221 females) aged 6 to 16 years.

Histochemical assessment of the femora of Spontaneously Diabetic Torii-Lepr (SDT-fa/fa) rats that mimic type II diabetes.

Objective: To elucidate the mechanisms underlying diabetic osteoporosis, we conducted a comprehensive histological examination of the femora of Spontaneously Diabetic Torii-Lepr (SDT-fa/fa) rats, an established model of obesity-related type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: Femora from 12 30-week-old male SDT-fa/fa rats and age-matched Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (controls) were used for detailed histochemical analyses, including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), cathepsin K, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), phosphoethanolamine/ phosphocholine phosphatase 1 (PHOSPHO1), dentin matrix protein (DMP)-1, matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE), sclerostin, osteocalcin staining, silver impregnation, von Kossa staining, and micro-computed tomography (CT).

Results: Micro-CT and hematoxylin-eosin staining demonstrated significantly reduced trabecular bone volume in the femoral metaphyses of SDT-fa/fa rats.

The ligamentum teres and its role in hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement: a systematic review.

Background: The ligamentum teres (LT) has received attention in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy (HA) for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Indeed, a better understanding of the function of the LT and its implications for clinical outcomes in the presence of a torn LT is required. This systematic review analyses the patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and the complication rate when an intact or torn LT is encountered during HA for FAI.

Post-pubertal effects of the Face Mask Protocol with and without Bite Block appliance in the orthopedic treatment of Class III malocclusion: a comparative evaluation.

Objectives: The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the dento-skeletal changes observed in growing Class III patients treated with the Face Mask Protocol (FMP) with and without Bite Block (BB).

Materials: Thirty subjects (12 f, 18 m) who underwent FM/BB therapy were compared to a matched group (FM) of 29 patients (15 f, 14 m) treated without BB. All patients were evaluated before treatment (T0), at the end of active treatment (T1), and at a post-pubertal follow-up observation (T2).

Modeling vascular dynamics at the initial stage of endochondral ossification on a microfluidic chip using a human embryonic-stem-cell-derived organoid.

Vascular interactions play a crucial role in embryogenesis, including skeletal development. During endochondral ossification, vascular networks are formed as mesenchymal cells condense and later invade skeletal elements to form the bone marrow. We and other groups developed a model of endochondral ossification by implanting human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived sclerotome into immunodeficient mice.

Rationale and design of a large trial of perioperative ketamine for prevention of chronic post-surgical pain.

Background: Chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) is recognised as one of the most common and debilitating complications of major surgery. Progression from acute to chronic pain after surgery involves sensitisation of central nervous system pathways with the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor having a central role. Ketamine is a potent, non-selective NMDA antagonist commonly used for management of acute postoperative pain.

Efficacy of cold and cryo-preserved nerve allografts with low-dose FK506 for motor nerve regeneration: a preclinical study.

Background: Despite their ability to regenerate as well as autografts, the use of nerve allografts is limited by the need for immunosuppression and the risk of disease transmission. Further, decellularized allografts lacking Schwann cells limit axonal regeneration in long nerve defects. This study evaluated sciatic nerve regeneration in rats implanted with cold- or cryopreserved allografts, and examined the effects of FK506, an immunosuppressant that targets calcineurin function, on motor recovery.

Arthroscopic lateral ligament reconstruction for isolated chronic lateral ankle instability is associated with longer recovery compared to arthroscopic Broström repair and inferior extensor retinaculum augmentation.

Background: Patients with chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) can be managed with arthroscopic Broström repair and inferior extensor retinaculum augmentation or arthroscopic assisted lateral ligament reconstruction using ipsilateral semitendinosus autograft, with good functional outcomes in patients. It is unclear whether one offers better outcome that the other. This retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data compared the outcomes of repair and reconstruction.

Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy Without Segmental Fixation in Skeletal Class II.

The new orthognathic treatment strategy of non-segmental fixation (non-fix) sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) with jaw exercise initiation on the second postoperative day, the so-called physiological positioning strategy (PPS), induces good skeletal stability with few temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptoms after surgery in skeletal class III. This study aimed to clarify whether non-fix SSRO with modified PPS can be applied to skeletal class II. This retrospective study included skeletal class II patients who underwent non-fix SSRO to correct mandibular retrognathia.

The influence of the structure of the masticatory system on the presence and severity of the gag reflex in children with cerebral palsy.

Background: Dysphagia, prevalent in 90% of children with neurological disorders, poses risks of medical complications and is associated with cognitive and psychosocial challenges. The absence of the sucking-swallowing reflex and variations in the gag reflex contribute to feeding difficulties.

Objectives: This study focuses on examining the impact of the gag reflex on the masticatory system structure in children with cerebral palsy, aiming to assess its significance.

Similar efficacy of intra-articular hyaluronic acid injections and other biologically active injections in patients with early stages knee osteoarthritis: a level I meta-analysis.

Introduction: The present meta-analysis compared the efficacy of intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) injections in patients with early to mild knee osteoarthritis (OA) (Kellgren Lawrence I-II) versus other commonly injected biologically active compounds using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). The outcomes of interest were the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Western Ontario McMaster Osteo-Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scores.

Methods: This study was conducted according to the 2020 PRISMA statement.

Passive muscle tension changes in the biceps femoris long head after biceps femoris short head detachment: A human cadaver study.

The functional role of the biceps femoris short head (BFsh) remains unclear. Clarifying the functional role of each biceps femoris head may provide useful insights into the reduction of biceps femoris long head (BFlh) injuries. This study aimed to clarify whether the passive tension in the BFlh would change with BFsh detachment using cadavers.

Near-Normalized Maxillomandibular Relationship and Upper Airway in Infants with Robin Sequence Treated with Stanford Orthodontic Airway Plate: Computed Tomography Study.

Objective: To assess craniofacial and upper airway growth in infants with Robin sequence (RS) during the 1 year of life when their severe upper airway obstruction was treated non-surgically with the Stanford orthodontic airway plate treatment program (SOAP).

Design: Retrospective longitudinal cohort study comparing SOAP-treated infants with RS (treatment group) with age-matched healthy controls (HC) using computed tomography (CT).

Setting: Single tertiary referral hospital.

TP8, A Novel Chondroinductive Peptide, Significantly Promoted Neo-Cartilage Repair without Activating Bone Formation.

The repair of large cartilage defects remains highly challenging in the fields of orthopedics and oral and maxillofacial surgery. A chondroinductive agent is promising to activate endogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) so as to facilitate cartilage regeneration. In this study, we analyze the crystallographic data of the critical binding domain of transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3) with its type II receptor and successfully develop a novel chondroinductive peptide - TGF-β3-derived peptide No.

Simulated effects of surgical corrections on bone-implant micromotion and implant stresses in paediatric proximal femoral osteotomy.

Background And Objective: Proximal femoral osteotomy (PFO) is a surgical intervention, typically performed on paediatric population, that aims to correct femoral deformities caused by different pathologies (e.g., slipped capital femoral epiphysis).

Comorbidity in incident rheumatoid arthritis-a nationwide case-control study with bidirectional follow-up.

Objectives: To investigate the association between risk of different co-morbidities and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using a temporal approach.

Methods: Retrospective, case-control study. Data were extracted from all healthcare claims for Poland between 2011-2021.

Enhanced surface hydrophilicity improves osseointegration of titanium implants integrin-mediated osteoimmunomodulation.

Titanium (Ti) implants have become widespread especially in dentistry and orthopedics, where macrophage-driven osteoimmunomodulation is crucial to their success. Hydrophilic modification of Ti represents a promising strategy to enhance its immune and osteogenic responses. Herein, the osteoimmunomodulatory performance and integrin-mediated mechanism of novel non-thermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) treatment to induce a hydrophilic Ti were investigated for the first time.

Assessment of All-Inside Sutures to the Posteromedial Capsule in Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Repair: Findings From a Retrospective Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

Purpose: Medial meniscus (MM) posterior root tears (PRT) cause pathological medial extrusion (MMME) and posterior extrusion (MMPE), particularly during knee flexion, leading to rapidly progressive knee osteoarthritis. We investigated pre- and postoperative MM extrusion using three-dimensional open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following two pullout repair techniques: two simple stitches (TSS) and TSS with an additional all-inside suture to the posteromedial capsule (TSS-PM). We hypothesized that TSS-PM would decrease MM extrusion more effectively than TSS.

Congenital Insensitivity to Pain and Anhidrosis With Orthopedic and Self-Injury Complications in a 5-Year-Old Boy: A Case Report.

Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder because of NTRK1 gene mutations, leading to an inability to perceive pain and temperature and lack of sweating. Its rarity and unique clinical challenges, such as severe injuries from the inability to sense pain, make reporting cases critical. A 5-year-old boy, the third child of consanguineous parents, was referred for a fractured femur.

Assessment of the Mandibular Osseous Architecture in Cleft Lip and Palate Using Fractal Dimension Analysis: A Pilot Study.

: Although there has been extensive research on the orofacial morphologic effects of cleft lip and palate (CLP), the effects of CLP on mandibular structures remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the trabeculation differences in the mandibular osseous architecture of patients with bilateral CLP (BCLP) and left-sided unilateral CLP (UCLP) using fractal dimension (FD) analysis and to compare these findings with healthy controls without CLP. : A total of 63 patients (27 females, 36 males) with a mean age of 9.