Determining the Accuracy of the Mandibular Canal Region in 3D Biomodels Fabricated from CBCT Scanned Data: A Cadaveric Study.

Objective: To validate the accuracy of the mandibular canal region in 3D biomodel produced by using data obtained from Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) of cadaveric mandibles.

Methods: Six hemi-mandible samples were scanned using the i-CAT CBCT system. The scanned data was transferred to the OsiriX software for measurement protocol and subsequently into Mimics software to fabricate customized cutting jigs and 3D biomodels based on rapid prototyping technology.

Assessment of masticatory function of mandibular implant-supported overdenture wearers: A 3-year prospective study.

Statement Of Problem: Wearers of mandibular complete dentures (CDs) often complain of retention and stability problems resulting in poor masticatory function. Evidence suggests that a mandibular overdenture (MOD) stabilized by 2 implants represents the treatment of choice to improve stability and masticatory function. Measurements are needed of the improvement in masticatory function after providing mandibular implant-stabilized overdentures.

The clinical anatomy of accessory mandibular canal in dentistry.

The mandibular canal is a conduit that allows the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle to transverse the mandible to supply the dentition, jawbone and soft tissue around the gingiva and the lower lip. It is not a single canal but an anatomical structure with multiple branches and variations. The branches are termed accessory, bifid or trifid canals depending on their number and configuration.

Coronoid hyperplasia: A review.

Coronoid hyperplasia is one of the rare causes of progressive limitation of mouth opening due to impingement of the enlarged coronoid process of the mandible on the zygomatic bone. A review was performed on all cases reports and case series on coronoid hyperplasia. Gender, age at treatment, age of onset, types of hyperplasia (unilateral/bilateral), associated history, treatment, surgical approach, preoperative mouth opening, intraoperative mouth opening, mouth opening at follow up and follow up period were recorded and analyzed.

Parenchyma-stromal interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-6 overexpressions in ameloblastoma correlate with the aggressive phenotype.

Introduction: Ameloblastoma is a benign but locally invasive odontogenic epithelial neoplasm with a high recurrence rate after treatment. The two main subsets encountered clinically are unicystic (UA) and solid/multicystic ameloblastoma (SMA). Currently neoplastic progression of many tumour types are believed to be related to parenchyma-stromal cell-cell interactions mediated by cytokines notably interleukins (IL).

Clinico-Pathological Presentations of Cystic and Classic Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumors.

Unlabelled: The objective of the study is to present the clinico-pathological features of cystic and classic adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (AOTs) in order to identify the differences between the two variants of AOT.

Materials And Method: The study sample comprised of 41 AOTs, which were categorized into cystic and classic AOTs. Cystic AOTs are diagnosed as such when macroscopic and microscopic evidence of a cyst is present together with histopathological criteria of AOT (WHO-2017).

Coordinated Dispersion and Aggregation of Gold Nanorod in Aptamer-Mediated Gestational Hypertension Analysis.

Gestational hypertension is one of the complicated disorders during pregnancy; it causes the significant risks, such as placental abruption, neonatal deaths, and maternal deaths. Hypertension is also responsible for the metabolic and cardiovascular issues to the mother after the years of pregnancy. Identifying and treating gestational hypertension during pregnancy by a suitable biomarker is mandatory for the healthy mother and foetus development.

Collagen Induces a More Proliferative, Migratory and Chemoresistant Phenotype in Head and Neck Cancer via DDR1.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and includes squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx and oral cavity. Patient prognosis has remained poor for decades and molecular targeted therapies are not in routine use. Here we showed that the overall expression of collagen subunit genes was higher in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) than normal fibroblasts.

Glucose oxidase complexed gold-graphene nanocomposite on a dielectric surface for glucose detection: a strategy for gestational diabetes mellitus.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus is a commonly occurring metabolic disorder during pregnancy, affecting >4% of pregnant women. It is generally defined as the intolerance of glucose with the onset or initial diagnosis during pregnancy. This illness affects the placenta and poses a threat to the baby as it affects the supply of proper oxygen and nutrients.

Translational genomics and recent advances in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are a heterogeneous group of cancers arising from the mucosal lining of the oral cavity. A majority of these cancers are associated with lifestyle risk habits including smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and betel quid chewing. Cetuximab, targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor was approved for the treatment of OSCC in 2006, and remains the only molecular targeted therapy available for OSCC.

Management of odontogenic infection in paediatric patients: a retrospective clinical study.

Purpose: To investigate the outpatient and inpatient management of odontogenic infections among paediatric patients attending a university hospital.

Methods: A retrospective study (2013-2015) was carried out which involved retrieving relevant data from past records (manual/electronic) of paediatric patients (under 18-years-old) who presented with odontogenic infections to the Paediatric Dentistry and Oral and Maxillofacial clinic. Data collected was organised using descriptive statistics with SPSS version 12.

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in ameloblastoma: focus on morphologically evident mesenchymal phenotypic transition.

The ameloblastoma is the most common and clinically significant odontogenic epithelial neoplasm known for its locally-invasive behaviour and high recurrence risk. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process whereby epithelial cells lose their epithelial characteristics and gain mesenchymal properties. EMT induction via transcription repression has been investigated in ameloblastoma.

m-Health for Early Detection of Oral Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Up to 86% of oral cancer (OC) patients present at the late stage where survival is dismal. Limited access to specialist diagnosis is a significant factor for late presentation. The increasing use of smartphones presents an opportunity to use digital technology to facilitate early detection of OC.

Hypernasality in singing among children with cleft palate: a preliminary study.

The aim of this study was to document differences in hypernasality during speaking and singing among children with cleft palate and to compare nasality score ratings of trained and untrained listeners. Twenty subjects with cleft palate aged between 7 and 12 years participated in this study. Audio recordings were made of the children reading a passage and singing a common local song, both in the Malay language.

Synergistic Growth Inhibition by Afatinib and Trametinib in Preclinical Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Models.

Background: Given that aberrant activation of epidermal growth factor receptor family receptors (ErbB) is a common event in oral squamous cell carcinoma, and that high expression of these receptor proteins is often associated with poor prognosis, this rationalizes the approach of targeting ErbB signaling pathways to improve the survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, monotherapy with the ErbB blocker afatinib has shown limited survival benefits.

Objectives: This study was performed to identify mechanisms of afatinib resistance and to explore potential afatinib-based combination treatments with other targeted inhibitors in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Mandibular Implant-Retained Overdentures: Potential Accelerator of Bone Loss in the Anterior Maxilla?

Purpose: To compare the residual ridge resorption (RRR) of the anterior maxillary bone beneath complete dentures when opposed by mandibular complete dentures (CD) and implant-retained overdentures (IRO).

Materials And Methods: 18 patients were rehabilitated with maxillary CD opposing mandibular IRO, and 4 patients were prescribed with conventional CD. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of the maxilla were acquired before and 1 year post-treatment and converted into 3D models using Mimics research software.

Predicting malignant progression in clinically high-risk lesions by DNA ploidy analysis and dysplasia grading.

The value of image cytometry DNA ploidy analysis and dysplasia grading to predict malignant transformation has been determined in oral lesions considered to be at 'high' risk on the basis of clinical information and biopsy result. 10-year follow up data for 259 sequential patients with oral lesions clinically at 'high' risk of malignant transformation were matched to cancer registry and local pathology database records of malignant outcomes, ploidy result and histological dysplasia grade. In multivariate analysis (n = 228 patients), 24 developed carcinoma and of these, 14 prior biopsy samples were aneuploid.

Multi-ethnic variations in the practice of oral cancer risk habits in a developing country.

Objective: To elucidate ethnic variations in the practice of oral cancer risk habits in a selected Malaysian population.

Methods: This retrospective case-control study involves 790 cases of cancers of the oral cavity and 450 controls presenting with non-malignant oral diseases, recruited from seven hospital-based centres nationwide. Data on risk habits (smoking, drinking, chewing) were obtained using a structured questionnaire via face-to-face interviews.

Characterization and potential roles of bone marrow-derived stromal cells in cancer development and metastasis.

The tumor microenvironment and its stromal cells play an important role in cancer development and metastasis. Bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs), a rich source of hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells, putatively contribute to this tumoral stroma. However their characteristics and roles within the tumor microenvironment are unclear.

Bone-borne accelerated sutural expansion: A microcomputed tomography study in rabbits.

Introduction: In this study, we evaluated the effect of bone-borne accelerated expansion protocols on sutural separation and sutural bone modeling using a microcomputed tomography system. We also determined the optimum instant sutural expansion possible without disruption of bone modeling.

Methods: Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits, 20 to 24 weeks old, were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups.

A pilot study on the effects of direct contact of two different surgical burs on the cadaveric lingual nerve.

The lingual guttering technique for third molar surgery carries the risk of injury to the lingual nerve if the surgical bur comes into direct contact with it. This study investigated the extent of nerve injury caused by two different burs, a tungsten carbide bur and the Dentium implant bur; the latter is designed to be soft tissue friendly. This study also examined whether ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are able to detect any injury inflicted.

Thirty years of submental intubation: a review.

Submental intubation has been used as an alternative to conventional intubation in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery since its introduction by Francisco Hernández Altemir in 1986. A review of submental intubation was performed using data from all case reports, case-series, and prospective and retrospective studies published between 1986 and 2016. The indications, variations in incision length, incision sites, types of endotracheal tube used, methods of exteriorization, and complications were recorded and analyzed.