The role of inflammatory factors in mediating the causal effects of type 1 diabetes mellitus on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A two-step Mendelian randomization study.

While recent studies suggested a potential causal link between type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) but not type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the involved mechanism remains unclear. Here, using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, we verified the causal relationship between the two types of diabetes mellitus and IPF and investigated the possible role of inflammation in the association between diabetes mellitus and IPF. Based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data of T1DM, T2DM, and IPF, the univariable MR, multivariable MR (MVMR), and mediation MR were successively used to analyze the causal relationship.

The Effect of Cataract Surgery on Stereoacuity, Balance, and Falls in Patients With Senile Cataract.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of cataract surgery on visual acuity, stereoacuity, balance, and falls in patients with senile cataract.

Methods: Prospective, cross-sectional study. The patients were divided into group 1 if the first surgery was performed on the dominant eye and group 2 on the nondominant eye.

The corneal biomechanical changes of phacoemulsification in cataract patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the corneal biomechanical properties of phacoemulsification in the treatment of cataract patients.

Methods: Pertinent studies were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and clinicaltrials.gov.

Virtual reality perimetry compared to standard automated perimetry in adults with glaucoma: A systematic review.

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to consolidate and summarize available data comparing virtual reality perimetry (VRP) with standard automated perimetry (SAP) in adults with glaucoma. Understanding the utility and diagnostic performance of emerging VRP technology may expand access to visual field testing but requires evidence-based validation.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in 3 databases (PubMed Central, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) from the date of inception to 10/09/2024.

The relationship between vitamin A and myopia: A population-based study.

Purpose: We sought to evaluate the relationship between blood vitamin A levels and myopia in adults aged ≥20 years in Korea.

Methods: We collected data of 15,899 participants aged ≥20 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants underwent refraction tests to identify myopia and high myopia, and their blood pressure and obesity levels were measured.

Transcranial Doppler sonography follow-up study in mild vascular cognitive impairment.

Background: To date, few data to transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) are available in patients with mild vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) at risk for vascular or mixed dementia. In a previous study in patients with mild VCI and cerebral small vessels disease, a hemodynamic pattern of cerebral hypoperfusion and enhanced vascular resistance were observed; however, longitudinal data are currently lacking. Here, we perform a clinical, psychopathological, and neurosonological follow-up of patients with VCI in order to monitor any progression and to identify TCD measures to detect it.

Protocol for real-time assessment of energy metabolism in dissociated mouse retinal photoreceptors using a SeahorseXFe24 analyzer.

Defects in retinal metabolism have been linked to the onset and progression of various retinal diseases. Herein, we provide a protocol for measuring bioenergetics in dissociated mouse retinal photoreceptors. We outline detailed instructions for obtaining morphologically intact and viable photoreceptor cells from adult mice and preparing the cells for metabolic analysis using a SeahorseXFe24 analyzer.

Artificial Intelligence for Optical Coherence Tomography in Glaucoma.

Purpose: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning (DL), with optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers significant opportunities in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma. This article explores the application of various DL models in enhancing OCT capabilities and addresses the challenges associated with their clinical implementation.

Methods: A review of articles utilizing DL models was conducted, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), generative adversarial networks (GANs), autoencoders, and large language models (LLMs).

Exosome's Implications in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: This study aims to conduct a mini review of published literature concerning the role of exosomes in the field of ophthalmology, with a specific focus on Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD).

Methods: In this study, a comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar to identify relevant publications. Additionally, trials submitted to clinicaltrials.

Hypertrophic heart failure promotes gut dysbiosis and gut leakage in interleukin 10-deficient mice.

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of death worldwide. We have shown that pressure overload (PO)-induced inflammatory cell recruitment leads to heart failure in IL-10 knockout (KO) mice. However, it's unclear if PO-induced inflammatory cells also target the gut mucosa, causing gut dysbiosis and leakage.

Simvastatin-Induced Ferroptosis in Orbital Fibroblasts in Graves' Ophthalmopathy.

Purpose: Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease, is disabling and disfiguring. Recent studies have shown that statins have a protective effect on individuals with GO. Statins were reported to trigger ferroptosis in some disorders, but little is known about whether statins protect against GO via ferroptosis.

Preferential Sites of Retinal Capillary Occlusion in Sickle Cell Disease.

Purpose: To assess the preferential sites of retinal capillary occlusion at the parafovea in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).

Methods: OCT-A scans from 107 patients with SCD and 51 race-matched unaffected controls were obtained using a commercial spectral domain-OCT system. At least eight sequential 3 × 3 mm scans centered at the fovea were acquired and averaged for image analysis.

ENO2-Regulated Glycolysis in Endothelial Cells Contributes to FGF2-Induced Retinal Neovascularization.

Purpose: Ocular neovascularization is a major cause of blindness. Although fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of angiogenesis, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of FGF2 in retinal neovascularization and elucidate its underlying mechanisms.

One tube for all: 1-year outcomes after transition to Paul glaucoma implant at a tertiary centre.

Purpose: To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect and success rate of Paul glaucoma implant (PGI) in refractory glaucoma after changing practice pattern from Ahmed and Baerveldt tubes to PGI.

Methods: A prospective observational study of the first 50 consecutive PGI surgeries at a single Danish tertiary centre from January 2022 to October 2023. Primary endpoints were IOP and success rates after 12 months.

Association of Menopause and Rhinitis Among Adult Women in the United States: Findings from the All of Us Research Program.

Objective: The inflammatory role of female hormones has been garnering increased attention in the literature. Studies suggest a link between estrogen and inflammatory conditions of the airways and nasal mucosa. However, there remains a paucity of literature regarding the associations of hormones with rhinitis.

A randomized sequential cross-over trial evaluating five purportedly ICP-lowering drugs in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Objective: To gain initial insight into the efficacy to lower intracranial pressure (ICP), side effects, and effects on cognition of five drugs commonly used to treat idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).

Background: Limited clinical data exist for the treatment for IIH. Impaired cognition is recognized in IIH and can be exacerbated by medications.

Treatment Utilisation and Satisfaction With Management in Individuals With Osteoarthritis and Metabolic Multimorbidity: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Country Study.

Purpose: To compare treatment utilisation for osteoarthritis (OA) and satisfaction with OA management between individuals with and without comorbid metabolic conditions (e.g., diabetes, obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension).

Classification and treatment approach of chemical burn associated Limbal stem cell deficiency: based on novel global consensus.

Purpose: To evaluate the severity distribution of chemical burn-induced Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) according to the novel global consensus classification and to compare the treatment approach, before and after the global consensus.

Methods: Medical records of 127 eyes of 109 patients with LSCD were included. LSCD stages were categorized according to the global consensus classification published by "International LSCD Working Group".

Surgical outcomes after trabeculotomy for primary congenital glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate outcomes after trabeculotomy in Japanese patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), and to identify risk factors for multiple glaucoma surgery procedures.

Study Design: Retrospective observational study.

Methods: Surgical outcomes were investigated in Japanese patients with PCG who underwent their first glaucoma surgery at Hiroshima University Hospital between January, 2006, and December, 2021.

The clinical effects and mechanism of action of ranibizumab in treating myopic choroidal neovascularization.

Purpose: Myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a common reason for visual impairment. This study investigated the clinical effects of repeated intravitreal injections of ranibizumab among patients with CNV secondary to pathologic myopia.

Methods: This study involved a single-center, non-randomized clinical prospective cohort research design including 39 patients with myopic CNV and a control group of 10 patients with cataract.

Effects of autologous serum and artificial tears on corneal sensation and tear film stability in patients with mild to moderate xerophthalmia after cataract surgery.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the effects of autologous serum plus artificial tears on corneal sensation and tear film stability in patients with mild to moderate xerophthalmia after cataract surgery.

Methods: A total of 150 patients with mild to moderate xerophthalmia after one-time cataract surgery from March 2022 to September 2023 were selected and randomly divided into a control group (n = 75) and a study group (n = 75). The control group was treated with artificial tears (polyvinyl alcohol eye drops), while the study group was given autologous serum plus artificial tears.

Effectiveness of vitrectomy with inverted internal limiting membrane flap in the treatment of macular hole retinal detachment in high myopia.

Purpose: This study evaluates the effectiveness of the inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique during vitrectomy for treating macular hole-induced retinal detachment (MHRD) in high myopia patients, a challenging complication for vitreoretinal surgeons due to its treatment complexity.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study analyzing 92 eyes diagnosed with MHRD, all undergoing vitrectomy using the inverted ILM flap technique between February 2022 and September 2024. Successful surgery was defined as achieving retinal reattachment, macular hole closure, and improvement in visual acuity by the 12-month postoperative follow-up.

USP39 promotes retinal pathological angiogenesis in retinopathy of prematurity by stabilizing SIRT2 expression through deubiquitination.

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major cause of childhood blindness worldwide, highlighted by retinal neovascularization. Ubiquitin is present throughout the retina. The deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin-specific protease 39 (USP39) has been reported to be involved in angiogenesis.

Laminated Layer Extract from Echinococcus Granulosus cyst Attenuates Ocular Damages and Inflammatory Responses in an Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis Model.

Purpose: Since extract of the laminated layer (LL) from E. granulosus showed immuno-modulatory effects in vitro and in vivo, we sought to determine its effect on the onset, development, and evolution of experimental auto-immune uveitis (EAU). The latter is a model of some human diseases with ocular inflammation that can cause blindness.