Virtual 3D models, augmented reality systems and virtual laparoscopic simulations in complicated pancreatic surgeries: state of art, future perspectives, and challenges.

Pancreatic surgery is considered one of the most challenging interventions by many surgeons, mainly due to retroperitoneal location and proximity to key and delicate vascular structures. These factors make pancreatic resection a demanding procedure, with successful rates far from optimal and frequent postoperative complications. Surgical planning is essential to improve patient outcomes, and in this regard, many technological advances made in the last few years have proven to be extremely useful in medical fields.

Induction of M1 polarization in BV2 cells by propofol intervention promotes perioperative neurocognitive disorders through the NGF/CREB signaling pathway: an experimental research.

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is critical in regulating the homeostasis of microglial cells. It activates various signaling pathways that mediate the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) at key regulatory sites. The decrease in phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB) expression is linked to neuroinflammatory responses.

Dense stroma activates the TGF-β1/FBW7 axis to induce metabolic subtype switching in pancreatic cancer.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal diseases. Although several chemotherapy regimens have been developed over the past decades, few targeted therapies have shown a significant improvement in overall survival, partly due to the identification of PDAC as a single disease.

Methods: Combining metabolomic analysis and immunohistochemistry staining with Oil Red O staining, analysis for the oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate, we stratified pancreatic cancer cells into two subtypes.

A preliminary study on the prognostic significance of cysteine-rich EGF ligand domain 2 protein (CRELD2) in patients with triple negative breast cancer.

The cysteine-rich epidermal growth factor ligand domain 2 protein (CRELD2) is associated with pathways that regulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, a critical process driving cancer metastasis. This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of CRELD2 status on survival outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Seventy patients were included in the study.

A Framework to Optimize Primary Care of Older Surgical Patients: A Qualitative Study of Geriatricians.

Importance: An increasing number of older adults are undergoing surgery. Older adults face significant challenges throughout the spectrum of perioperative care. No frameworks exist to support primary care clinicians in helping older adults navigate perioperative care beyond preoperative medical clearance.

Trends in Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates.

Importance: Incidence of distant stage prostate cancer is increasing in the United States. Research is needed to understand trends by social and geographic factors.

Objective: To examine trends in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates in California by stage, age, race and ethnicity, and region.

Essential Thrombocythemia: A Review.

Importance: Essential thrombocythemia, a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm with excessive platelet production, is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis and bleeding. The annual incidence rate of essential thrombocythemia in the US is 1.5/100 000 persons.

Assessing the Rise in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Incidence: A 38-Year Australian Study Investigating WHO Classification Influence.

The incidence of thyroid cancer has shown marked increases globally over recent decades. This study investigated how the incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) subtypes and World Health Organisation (WHO) endocrine tumour classification changes have affected overall thyroid cancer incidence recorded in Australia. Using incidence data from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare cancer registry (spanning 1982 to 2019), this descriptive epidemiological study employed joinpoint regression analysis to assess temporal trends in thyroid carcinoma incidence, focusing on PTC.

AURKB affects the proliferation of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by regulating fatty acid metabolism.

Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of kidney cancer with a high metastatic rate and high mortality rate. The molecular mechanism of ccRCC development, however, needs further study. Aurora kinase B (AURKB) functions as an important oncogene in various tumors; therefore, in the present study, we aimed to explore the mechanism by which AURKB affects ccRCC development.

Association of Circulating Basophil Count with Gastric Cancer Prognosis.

Purpose: Basophils play a crucial role in immunoglobulin E-mediated allergic reactions and parasitic infections. Recently, a low basophil count was reported to be a poor prognostic indicator in patients with malignant tumors. This study aimed to investigate the cut-off value to evaluate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of the basophil count in patients with gastric cancer.

The role of canopy family proteins: biological mechanism and disease function.

Canopy family proteins are highly sequence-conserved proteins with an N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence, a unique pattern of six cysteine residues characteristic of the saposin-like proteins, and a C-terminal putative endoplasmic reticulum retention signal sequence. At present, the known canopy family proteins are canopy fibroblast growth factor signaling regulator 1 (CNPY1), CNPY2, CNPY3, and CNPY4. Despite similar structures, canopy family proteins regulate complex signal networks to participate in various biological processes.

Trends and Disparities in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma-related Mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2020.

Purpose: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) arises from the epithelial cells of the bile ducts present inside the liver parenchyma and is associated with an overall poor prognosis due to advanced disease stage at the time of diagnosis. We used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database to determine ICC-related mortality patterns in the United States from 1999 till 2020.

Methods: Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) and crude mortality rates (CMR) were extracted from the CDC WONDER database.

The impact of sleep interventions combined with enhanced nutritional support on sleep quality, nutritional status, pain management, psychological well-being, and quality of life in postoperative colon cancer patients.

Objective: To investigate the synergistic effects of combined sleep interventions and enhanced nutritional support on postoperative recovery in colon cancer patients, with a focus on sleep quality, nutritional status, pain management, psychological well-being, and quality of life.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 290 postoperative colon cancer patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between May 2021 and May 2023. Participants were randomized into two groups: the intervention group, which received standard care supplemented with sleep and nutritional interventions, and the control group, which received standard care alone.

Predictive value of Bladder EpiCheck in detecting residual tumor before second TUR for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Purpose: As Bladder EpiCheck (BE) is a promising urinary biomarker for diagnosis and follow up of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), there are no studies evaluated this tool for second transurethral resection (TUR) indication. We aim to evaluate the performance of BE in predicting residual tumor before second TUR in NMIBC and its effects on clinical decision making.

Methods: A total of 50 patients who were diagnosed with NMIBC and indicated for a second TUR were included in the study prospectively.

Emerging Frontiers in Colorectal Cancer Therapy: From Targeted Molecules to Immunomodulatory Breakthroughs and Cell-Based Approaches.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, necessitating urgent advancements in therapeutic approaches. The emergence of groundbreaking therapies, including chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapies, oncolytic viruses, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, marks a transformative era in oncology. These innovative modalities, tailored to individual genetic and molecular profiles, hold the promise of significantly enhancing patient outcomes.

Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor Drug Concentration Is Not Associated with Disease Outcomes in Pouchitis: A Retrospective, International Study.

Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring is important for optimizing anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. However, the exposure-response relationship has never been assessed in pouchitis.

Aims: To explore associations between anti-TNF-α drug concentration and pouchitis disease activity in patients with a background of ulcerative colitis.

MA -mediated lncRNA SCIRT stability promotes NSCLC progression through binding to SFPQ and activating the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has emerged as one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. N6-methyladenosine (mA) methylation, a pervasive epigenetic modification in long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), plays a crucial role in NSCLC progression. Here, we report that mA modification and the expression of the lncRNA stem cell inhibitory RNA transcript (SCIRT) was significantly upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells.

Advances in understanding the role of squalene epoxidase in cancer prognosis and resistance.

Recently, there has been burgeoning interest in the involvement of cholesterol metabolism in cancer. Squalene epoxidase (SQLE), as a critical rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol synthesis pathway, has garnered attention due to its overexpression in various cancer types, thereby significantly impacting tumor prognosis and resistance mechanisms. Firstly, SQLE contributes to unfavorable prognosis through diverse mechanisms, encompassing modulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, manipulation of the cancer microenvironment, and participation in ferroptosis.

The Morphologic and Molecular Heterogeneity of Fumarate Hydratase-deficient Leiomyomas: Integrative Molecular Profiling of Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors With Histologic Feature Correlation.

The morphologic features of uterine smooth muscle tumors (USMTs) are subject to interobserver variability and are complicated by consideration of features of fumarate hydratase deficiency (FHd) and other morphologic subtypes, with difficult cases occasionally diagnosed as smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP). We compare immunohistochemical findings and detailed morphologic analysis of 45 USMTs by 4 fellowship-trained gynecologic pathologists with comprehensive molecular analysis, focusing on FHd leiomyomas (n=15), compared to a variety of other USMTs with overlapping morphologic features, including 9 STUMPs, 8 usual-type leiomyomas (ULM), 11 apoplectic leiomyomas, and 2 leiomyomas with bizarre nuclei (LMBN). FHd leiomyomas, defined by immunohistochemical (IHC) loss of FH and/or 2SC accumulation, showed FH mutations and/or FH copy loss in all cases, with concurrent TP53 mutations in 2 tumors.

The Role of hCG Expression in Endometrial Cancer Prognosis.

This study aims to investigate the expression pattern of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the tissue of endometrioid type endometrial cancer (EEC) using immunohistochemistry, and also to investigate the effect of hCG expression pattern on prognosis and survival in EEC. We evaluated patients who were operated between 2010 and 2020 in the obstetrics and gynecology clinic of our center due to EEC. In total, 194 women were determined to be in either the hCG-negative group (n=137) or the hCG-positive group (n=57).

Outcomes of Liver Transplant for Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma.

Introduction: Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEH) is a rare indication of liver transplant with limited evidence.

Methods: Adult recipients undergoing first-time liver-only transplant from 2002 to 2021 in the United States were identified using the UNOS/OPTN database. We compared post-transplant outcomes of recipients receiving liver transplant for HEH versus other diagnoses.

Case Report: ESR1::CITED2 Fusion in a Malignant Uterine Tumor Resembling Ovarian Sex Cord Tumor.

Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT) is a rare, typically benign uterine tumor occurring over a wide age range (mean 52.4 yr). UTROSCTs often harbor translocations between ESR1 and nuclear receptor coactivators NCOA1-NCOA3.