A Comparison of Different Machine Learning Classifiers in Predicting Xerostomia and Sticky Saliva due to Head and Neck Radiotherapy using a Multi-objective, Multimodal Radiomics Model.

Although radiotherapy techniques are the primary treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC), they are still associated with substantial toxicity, and side effect. Machine learning (ML) based radiomics models for predicting toxicity mostly rely on features extracted from pre-treatment imaging data. This study aims to compare different models in predicting radiation-induced xerostomia and sticky saliva in both early and late stage of HNC patients using CT and MRI image features along with demographics and dosimetric information.

Differences in Inpatient Palliative Care Consultation During the Terminal Admission for Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Patients.

Pediatric neuro-oncology patients have one of the highest mortality rates among all children with cancer. Our study examines the potential relationship between palliative care consultation and intensity of in-hospital care and determines if racial and ethnic differences are associated with palliative care consultations during their terminal admission. Retrospective observational study using the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database with data from U.

Constructing TheKeep.Ca With Thrivers of Cancer in Manitoba, Canada, in Support of Enhancing Patient Engagement: Protocol for a Pragmatic Multimethods Study.

Background: TheKeep.Ca was built to facilitate engagement with those experiencing cancer in Manitoba, Canada. Constructed between 2020 and 2024 with a group of patient advisors, the website includes information on engagement activities including research participation, the patient advisor role, and how those experiencing cancer can access these Manitoba activities.

Concepts of Suffering at the End of Life Amongst Emergency, Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine Physicians in Malaysia.

Background: Palliative Care, Geriatrics and Emergency physicians are exposed to death, terminally ill patients and distress of patients and their families. As physicians bear witness to patients' suffering, they are vulnerable to the costs of caring-the emotional distress associated with providing compassionate and empathetic care to patients. If left unattended, this may culminate in burnout and compromise professional identity.

Impact of Online Interactive Decision Tools on Women's Decision-Making Regarding Breast Cancer Screening: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The online nature of decision aids (DAs) and related e-tools supporting women's decision-making regarding breast cancer screening (BCS) through mammography may facilitate broader access, making them a valuable addition to BCS programs.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the scientific evidence on the impacts of these e-tools and to provide a comprehensive assessment of the factors associated with their increased utility and efficacy.

Methods: We followed the 2020 PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and conducted a search of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases from August 2010 to April 2023.

Nanoparticle encapsulation enables systemic IGF-Trap delivery to inhibit intra-cerebral glioma growth.

Background: Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain cancer with a 5-year survival rate of 5-10%. Current therapeutic options are limited, due in part to drug exclusion by the blood-brain barrier, restricting access of targeted drugs to the tumor. The receptor for the type 1 insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1R) was identified as a therapeutic target in glioblastoma.

First-Line Mobocertinib Versus Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Patients With Exon 20 Insertion-Positive Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Phase III EXCLAIM-2 Trial.

Purpose: Mobocertinib is an oral epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This open-label, phase III trial (EXCLAIM-2: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04129502) compared mobocertinib versus platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment of ex20ins+ advanced/metastatic NSCLC.

Key Strategies to Promote Professional Wellness and Reduce Burnout in Oncology Clinicians.

Burnout in oncologists has been increasing, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. This is concerning because burnout can have both personal and professional repercussions, as well as a negative impact on patients and organizational financial health. Drawing on information and ideas discussed at an ASCO Town Hall session at the 2023 Annual Meeting developed by the State of Cancer Care in America Editorial Board, this study reviews key organizational strategies for improving professional well-being and argues for the importance of measuring and researching the well-being of the oncology workforce to ensure healthy work environments.

Provision of Radiology Reports Simplified With Large Language Models to Patients With Cancer: Impact on Patient Satisfaction.

Purpose: To explore the perceived utility and effect of simplified radiology reports on oncology patients' knowledge and feasibility of large language models (LLMs) to generate such reports.

Materials And Methods: This study was approved by the Institute Ethics Committee. In phase I, five state-of-the-art LLMs (Generative Pre-Trained Transformer-4o [GPT-4o], Google Gemini, Claude Opus, Llama-3.

IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GASTRIC CANCER: A 3-YEAR ANALYSIS.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has overloaded healthcare systems worldwide. Other diseases, such as neoplasms, including gastric cancer, remained prevalent and had their treatment compromised.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the treatment of gastric cancer and adherence to the recommended preoperative COVID-19 screening protocol.

MELANOMAS, SARCOMAS, AND RENAL METASTASES IN THE LIVER: HOW TO TREAT?

Liver metastases from melanomas, sarcomas, and renal tumors are less frequent. Treatment and prognosis will depend on whether they are isolated or multiple, size and location, the presence or absence of extrahepatic neoplastic disease, age, stage of the initial disease, initial treatments instituted, time of evolution, and clinical condition of the patient. Recently, a high number of oncological therapies including monotherapy or in combination, neoadjuvants or adjuvants, and immuno-oncological treatments have been developed and tested, increasing disease-free time and survival.

Study of the role of transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the role of transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 2 (TMED2) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methodology: A bioinformatics analysis was first conducted to explore TMED2 expression in OSCC and its relation with overall survival. The analysis results were further verified by assessing TMED2 expression levels in human normal oral keratinocyte cells and human OSCC cell lines using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and the Western blot.

Color doppler blood flow analysis in circumscribed choroidal hemangioma.

Purpose: To evaluate if color Doppler can detect internal blood flow in circumscribed choroidal hemangioma.

Methods: This cross-sectional study examined seven eyes of seven participants with circumscribed choroidal hemangiomas, with or without prior treatment. B-scan ultrasound and color Doppler were used to assess the dimensions, topographical distribution, and internal blood flow of the affected eyes.

Classification-based pathway analysis using GPNet with novel P-value computation.

Pathway analysis plays a critical role in bioinformatics, enabling researchers to identify biological pathways associated with various conditions by analyzing gene expression data. However, the rise of large, multi-center datasets has highlighted limitations in traditional methods like Over-Representation Analysis (ORA) and Functional Class Scoring (FCS), which struggle with low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) and large sample sizes. To tackle these challenges, we use a deep learning-based classification method, Gene PointNet, and a novel $P$-value computation approach leveraging the confusion matrix to address pathway analysis tasks.

Inferring the genetic relationships between unsupervised deep learning-derived imaging phenotypes and glioblastoma through multi-omics approaches.

This study aimed to investigate the genetic association between glioblastoma (GBM) and unsupervised deep learning-derived imaging phenotypes (UDIPs). We employed a combination of genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq), and scPagwas (pathway-based polygenic regression framework) methods to explore the genetic links between UDIPs and GBM. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted to identify causal relationships between UDIPs and GBM.

Organ-specific microenvironments drive divergent T cell evolution in acute graft-versus-host disease.

Tissue-specific T cell immune responses play a critical role in maintaining organ health but can also drive immune pathology during both autoimmunity and alloimmunity. The mechanisms controlling intratissue T cell programming remain unclear. Here, we leveraged a nonhuman primate model of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to probe the biological underpinnings of tissue-specific alloimmune disease using a comprehensive systems immunology approach including multiparameter flow cytometry, population-based transcriptional profiling, and multiplexed single-cell RNA sequencing and TCR sequencing.

AGER-dependent macropinocytosis drives resistance to KRAS-G12D-targeted therapy in advanced pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) driven by the mutation presents a formidable health challenge because of limited treatment options. MRTX1133 is a highly selective and first-in-class KRAS-G12D inhibitor under clinical development. Here, we report that the advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor (AGER) plays a key role in mediating MRTX1133 resistance in PDAC cells.

Epstein-Barr virus-driven cardiolipin synthesis sustains metabolic remodeling during B cell transformation.

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects nearly 90% of adults globally and is linked to over 200,000 annual cancer cases. Immunocompromised individuals from conditions such as primary immune disorders, HIV, or posttransplant immunosuppressive therapies are particularly vulnerable because of EBV's transformative capability. EBV remodels B cell metabolism to support energy, biosynthetic precursors, and redox equivalents necessary for transformation.

PD-L1-CD80 interactions are required for intracellular signaling necessary for dendritic cell migration.

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) interactions are targets for immunotherapies aimed to reinvigorate T cell function. Recently, it was documented that PD-L1 regulates dendritic cell (DC) migration through intracellular signaling events. In this study, we find that both preclinical murine and clinically available human PD-L1 antibodies limit DC migration.

One-dimensional nanosonosensitizer boosted multiple branches of immune responses against MHC-deficient immune-evasive urologic tumor.

Cancer immunotherapies rely on CD8 cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in recognition and eradication of tumor cells via antigens presented on major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules. However, we observe MHC-I deficiency in human and murine urologic tumors, posing daunting challenges for successful immunotherapy. We herein report an unprecedented nanosonosensitizer of one-dimensional bamboo-like multisegmented manganese dioxide@manganese-bismuth vanadate (BMMBV) to boost multiple branches of immune responses targeting MHC-I-deficient tumors.

Anxiety among cancer patients: A cross-sectional study at The University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital.

Introduction: Anxiety is a prevalent psychological issue among cancer patients, significantly affecting their quality of life and potentially influencing treatment outcomes. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety among cancer patients at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used, involving 384 cancer patients, selected by systematic random sampling technique, from the oncology ward.

Inotodiol induces hepatocellular carcinoma apoptosis by activation of MAPK/ERK pathway.

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) has a high mortality and morbidity rate and seriously jeopardizes human life. Chemicals and chemotherapeutic agents have been experiencing problems such as side effects and drug resistance in the treatment of HCC, which cannot meet the needs of clinical treatment. Therefore, finding novel low-toxicity and high-efficiency anti-hepatocellular carcinoma drugs and exploring their mechanisms of action have become the current problems to be solved in the treatment of HCC.

The impact of specialised gastroenterology services for pelvic radiation disease (PRD): Results from the prospective multi-centre EAGLE study.

To undertake a mixed-methodology implementation study to improve the well-being of men with gastrointestinal late effects following radical radiotherapy for prostate cancer. All men completed a validated screening tool for late bowel effects (ALERT-B) and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Score (GSRS); men with a positive score on ALERT-B were offered management following a peer reviewed algorithm for pelvic radiation disease (PRD). Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at baseline, 6 and 12 months; and healthcare resource usage (HRU) and patient, support-giver, staff experience and acceptability of staff training (qualitative analysis) were assessed.