The Impact of Home Parenteral Nutrition on Survival and Quality of Life in Patients with Intestinal Failure and Advanced Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.

Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is essential in the management of chronic intestinal failure (CIF) and malignant bowel obstruction (MBO), particularly in cases where enteral feeding is not feasible. This review examines the evidence from 34 studies to evaluate the impact of HPN on survival and quality of life (QoL) in patients with MBO, CIF, and advanced cancer, as well as to identify clinical predictors of survival and address psychosocial challenges. A comprehensive review was conducted of 34 studies, focusing on the use of HPN in patients with MBO, CIF, and advanced cancer.

Solid-State Fermented Cereals: Increased Phenolics and Their Role in Attenuating Liver Diseases.

Liver diseases, a leading cause of global mortality, necessitate effective dietary strategies. Fermented cereals, traditionally recognized for benefits in glucose regulation, lipid profiles, and antioxidant activity, hold potential for managing conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. However, their specific impact on liver health requires further investigation.

Exploring Antioxidant Properties of Standardized Extracts from Medicinal Plants Approved by the Thai FDA for Dietary Supplementation.

Background/objectives: There is a growing interest in plant-derived antioxidants as functional food ingredients, given their potential to address oxidative stress-related diseases, notably neurodegenerative disorders. This study aims to investigate the antioxidant properties of medicinal plants that have been approved by the Thai FDA for dietary supplementation, with the goal of further utilizing them as food-functional ingredients to prevent neurodegenerative conditions.

Methods: A systematic review-based methodology was employed on a list of 211 medicinal plants, and 21 medicinal plants were chosen based on their documented antioxidant activity and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory capacity.

Gnetin C in Cancer and Other Diseases: What Do We Know So Far?

Stilbenes are a class of natural polyphenols with multiple positive pharmacologic assets such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. While monomeric stilbenes, represented mostly by resveratrol and pterostilbene, have been studied intensely in the last two decades, oligomeric compounds, which may have better prospects of becoming potent nutraceuticals, are much less studied. The goal of this review is to compile all available literature to date on the beneficial pharmacologic effects of Gnetin C, a resveratrol dimer, in cancer and other diseases.

Low Plasma Choline, High Trimethylamine Oxide, and Altered Phosphatidylcholine Subspecies Are Prevalent in Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Pancreatic Insufficiency.

Background: Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in cystic fibrosis (CF) increases fecal choline losses, but the postnatal course of plasma choline and its metabolites in these patients is unknown. While choline homeostasis is crucial for cellular, bile, and lipoprotein metabolism, via phosphatidylcholine (PC) and via betaine as a methyl donor, choline deficiency is associated with impaired lung and liver function, including hepatic steatosis.

Objective: The goal of our study was to evaluate the plasma levels of choline, betaine, trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), PC, and PC subclasses in CF patients from infancy to adulthood and compare those with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) to those with pancreatic sufficiency (EPS).

Psychobiotics Ameliorate Depression and Anxiety Status in Surgical Oncology Patients: Results from the Study.

: Psychological disorders are prevalent in patients having undergone gastrointestinal cancer surgery, and their emotional status may further deteriorate during subsequent chemotherapy. Psychobiotics are specific probiotics that have the unique characteristics of producing neuroactive substances that are thought to act on the brain-gut axis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the benefits of a psychobiotic formula on depression and anxiety status, as well as on perceived stress, versus a placebo in patients on a chemotherapy course following gastrointestinal surgery for cancer.

A Neutropenic Diet in Haemato-Oncological Patients Receiving High-Dose Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Systematic Review.

Background/objectives: Although the benefits of low-germ diets for patients are increasingly being questioned, their application in practice is widespread. The aim of this review is to summarise the current data and evaluate the effectiveness of the neutropenic diet (ND) in adult haemato-oncological patients to provide a basis for practical guidelines.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in four electronic databases (Medline (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), EMBASE (Ovid) and Cochrane CENTRAL) to identify English and German randomised controlled trials (RCTs) concerning the effectiveness of an ND in adult haematological patients.

Transfusion Thresholds and Risk Factors of Acute Kidney Injury in Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery: Insights from a Retrospective Study.

: To identify transfusion thresholds and risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) in gastrointestinal oncology surgery, enhancing early intervention and improving postoperative outcomes. : From 2018 to 2022, 765 patients with gastric or colorectal cancer who underwent major gastrointestinal surgery were retrospectively enrolled. The primary outcome was AKI development within 7 days postoperatively.

New Drug Expenditure by Therapeutic Area in South Korea: International Comparison and Policy Implications.

Pharmaceutical expenditures serve as key indicators of healthcare system efficiency, innovation, and sustainability. South Korea has implemented policies such as the economic evaluation exemption (EEE) and risk-sharing agreements (RSAs) to balance cost control and access to innovative therapies. However, discrepancies persist in the distribution of expenditures across therapeutic areas, raising concerns about alignment with public health needs.

The Effect of Exercise-Based Interventions on Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients with Hematological Malignancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: Hematological cancers encompass a collection of heterogeneous conditions. The need for repeated treatments and prolonged hospitalization leads to a decrease in health-related quality of life. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the effect of exercise interventions on functioning scales, global health status, and symptoms in patients with hematological cancers.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Portuguese Version of the Metacognitive Prospective Memory Inventory-Short Form (MPMI-s) in Non-Central Nervous System Cancer Patients.

: Cancer diagnosis and oncological treatments often lead to cognitive impairments, particularly in prospective memory, which affects the ability to recall future intentions. These difficulties can significantly impact therapeutic adherence, especially in the early stages of treatment, where timely medication and appointment adherence are critical. Despite this, effective measures for assessing prospective memory in cancer survivors remain limited.

Associating Liver Partition with Portal Vein Ligation and Staged Hepatectomy (ALPPS): Feasibility of Performing in Infants with Large Hepatic Tumor-Case Report.

: Surgical resection remains an important treatment of choice for a large number of liver tumors in children. Sometimes, if a tumor infiltrates a large part of the liver, after resection, the future liver remnant (FLR) is not enough for normal liver function. The size of the FLR is one of the determining factors for resectability as postoperative liver failure (PLF) is the most severe complication after partial hepatectomy.

Analysis of the European Union's National Cancer Control Programs: Meeting the Needs of People with Intellectual Disabilities.

: People with intellectual disabilities (IDs), representing approximately 200 million individuals globally (3% of the world's population), face significant disparities in cancer prevention and care. While cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, the intersection of cancer care and intellectual disability presents unique challenges that demand specialized attention within healthcare systems. This study evaluates the current status and effectiveness of National Cancer Control Programs (NCCPs) for individuals with intellectual disabilities across the European Union.

Reduced Expression of SATB2 in Colorectal Cancer and Its Association with Demographic and Clinicopathological Parameters.

Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2), as a nuclear matrix-associated protein and transcription factor engaged in chromatin remodeling and the regulation of gene expression, plays an important role in growth and development processes. SATB2 has been shown to have tissue-specific expression, also related to some cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to compare gene expression in tumor and matched non-involved colorectal tissues obtained from CRC patients, and to investigate its association with clinicopathological and demographic parameters, as well as patients' overall survival.

A Truncated Mutation of TP53 Promotes Chemoresistance in Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), a subtype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, is characterized by frequent chemoresistance. Genetic mutations commonly observed in TSCC play a critical role in malignant progression; thus, elucidating their functional significance is essential for developing effective treatment strategies. To more accurately investigate the relationship between mutations and chemoresistance, we established low-passage TSCC cells, CTSC-1, obtained from a chemoresistant patient, and CTSC-2, from a treatment-naïve patient.

Panduratin A from Effectively Inhibits EGFR/STAT3/Akt Signaling Pathways, Inducing Apoptosis in NSCLC Cells with Wild-Type and T790M Mutations in EGFR.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a challenging disease, with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) being a key target for new, effective treatments crucial for the signaling pathways regulating cancer cell survival. Targeting EGFR-mediated signaling offers promising strategies to improve NSCLC therapies, particularly in overcoming resistance in EGFR-mutant lung cancer. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of panduratin A, a naturally occurring flavonoid from , on human NSCLC cell lines expressing both wild-type EGFR (A549) and mutant EGFR (H1975) using in vitro experiments and molecular docking approaches.

Characterization of Salivary Microbiota in Japanese Patients with Oral Cancer.

This study aimed to characterize salivary microbiota in patients with oral cancer using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. DNA was extracted from saliva samples of 23 patients with oral cancer and 95 age-matched controls. A metagenomic analysis was performed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.

Characterization of Exhausted T Cell Signatures in Pan-Cancer Settings.

T cells play diverse roles in cancer immunology, acting as tumor suppressors, cytotoxic effectors, enhancers of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and immune suppressors; providing memory and surveillance; modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME); or activating innate immune cells. However, cancer cells can disrupt T cell function, leading to T cell exhaustion and a weakened immune response against the tumor. The expression of exhausted T cell (Tex) markers plays a pivotal role in shaping the immune landscape of multiple cancers.

Combined Therapy Targeting MET and Pro-HGF Activation Shows Significant Therapeutic Effect Against Liver Metastasis of CRPC.

The liver is the most lethal metastatic site in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Overexpression of MET protein has been reported in CRPC, and is an important driver gene in androgen-independent CRPC cells. Mouse CRPC cell line CRTC2 was established by subcutaneous injection of hormone-sensitive PC cells (TRAMP-C2) in castrated nude mice.

Molecular Underpinnings of Brain Metastases.

Brain metastases are the most commonly diagnosed type of central nervous system tumor, yet the mechanisms of their occurrence are still widely unknown. Lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma are the most common etiologies, but renal and colorectal cancers have also been described as metastasizing to the brain. Regardless of their origin, there are common mechanisms for progression to all types of brain metastases, such as the creation of a suitable tumor microenvironment in the brain, priming of tumor cells, adaptations to survive spreading in lymphatic and blood vessels, and development of mechanisms to penetrate the blood-brain barrier.

Antiproliferative Role of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Tocopherols on Colorectal Cancer Cells Overexpressing the Estrogen Receptor β.

Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is the most highly expressed subtype in the colon epithelium and mediates the protective effect of estrogen against the development of colon cancer. Indeed, the expression of this receptor is inversely related to colorectal cancer progression. Structurally estrogen-like compounds, including vitamin E components, affect cell growth by binding to ERs.

CRISPR/Cas9 Targeting of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1A1 Reveals Heterogeneous Roles in Radiation Response and Redox Stress Across Clonal Lines in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

The metabolic enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1), a cancer stem cell marker associated with poor outcomes in breast cancer, has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in TNBC. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ALDH1A1 in radiation resistance and redox stress in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Functional knockouts of ALDH1A1 were generated by the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of ALDH1A1 in the SUM159 cell line, and three distinct clonal populations were isolated.

Novel De Novo Variant in an Early-Onset Ovarian Cancer Reveals a Unique Tumor Evolution Pathway.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy, often characterized by complex genomic alterations that drive tumor progression and therapy resistance. In this paper, we report a novel de novo germline variant NM_000059.3:c.

Revealing the Role of Beesioside O from for the Treatment of Breast Cancer Using Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of malignancy-related mortality among women, with rising global incidence. While surgical intervention is effective for early-stage breast cancer, drug therapy is indispensable, particularly for triple-negative breast cancer, where treatment options are still limited. , a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has been historically applied for inflammatory conditions, including pharyngitis and stomatitis.

miRNA-Based Diagnosis of Schizophrenia Using Machine Learning.

Diagnostic practices for schizophrenia are unreliable due to the lack of a stable biomarker. However, machine learning holds promise in aiding in the diagnosis of schizophrenia and other neurological disorders. Dysregulated miRNAs were extracted from public sources.