Adrenomedullin Inhibits the Efficacy of Combined Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy in Biliary Tract Cancer by Disrupting Endothelial Cell Functions.

The global incidence of biliary tract cancer (BTC) is on the rise, presenting a substantial healthcare challenge. The integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with molecularly targeted therapies is emerging as a strategy to enhance immune responses. However, the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of these treatments in BTC are still largely unexplored.

Comparison of Early Functional Recovery Following Triportal Robot-Assisted and Uniportal Video-Assisted Segmentectomy in Patients With Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

Background: Robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) is more precise and flexible than video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. This study compared the early postoperative functional recovery of patients who underwent triportal RATS with that of patients who underwent uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery (UVATS) for segmentectomy.

Methods: This observational, prospective study included 172 patients with clinical stage I or II peripheral NSCLC who underwent RATS or UVATS segmentectomy.

Boron in My Mind: A Comprehensive Review of the Evolution of the Diverse Syntheses of 4-Borono-l-Phenylalanine, the Leading Agent for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) leverages the nuclear reaction between boron-10 and thermal neutrons to selectively destroy cancer cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues. This therapy has found use in treating glioblastoma, which as a brain cancer, is difficult to treat using conventional radiotherapy, surgery, and chemotherapy due to location and the risk of brain damage. However, to work, the cells must contain 10B.

Advancing Metastatic Spine Tumor Research: A Review of AO Spine Knowledge Forum Tumor's Scientific Contributions Derived From the EPOSO Network, 2014-2024.

Study DesignNarrative Review.ObjectivesTo summarize the work of the AO Spine Knowledge Forum Tumor, specifically studies from the Epidemiology, Process and Outcomes in Spine Oncology (EPOSO) study.MethodsA narrative review of all published manuscripts from the EPOSO study was undertaken.

European cancer mortality predictions for the year 2025 with focus on breast cancer.

Background: We predicted the number of cancer deaths and rates for 2025 in the European Union (EU), its five most populous countries, and the UK, focusing on breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: We derived population data and death certificates for all cancers and major sites for the EU, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, and the UK since 1970, from the World Health Organization and United Nations databases. Estimates for 2025 were computed by linear regression on recent trends identified through Poisson joinpoint regression, considering the slope of the most recent trend segment.

T-cell Engagers in Prostate Cancer.

Owing to the "cold" tumor immune microenvironment of prostate cancer, immune-targeting agents have shown limited efficacy in patients with advanced prostate cancer, highlighting the need for new therapies with novel mechanisms of action. In this context, T-cell engagers (TCEs), which induce T-cell-mediated killing of cancer cells by binding the CD3 receptor on T cells and a specific tumor antigen expressed on malignant cells, represent a promising therapeutic option. Multiple studies have explored the use of TCEs in previously treated patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, and several ongoing trials are currently assessing novel TCEs either as single agents or in combinatorial regimens with molecules with a distinct mechanism of action (eg, androgen receptor pathway inhibitors and other immune-targeting agents).

An Overview of Predictive Biomarkers and Detection Approaches for Immunotherapy Response in GI Malignancies.

This review provides an in-depth exploration of the evolving role of immunotherapy in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, with a particular focus on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and their associated predictive biomarkers. We present a detailed analysis of established biomarkers, such as PD-L1, microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor mutational burden (TMB), and the tumor microenvironment (TME), as well as emerging biomarkers, including gut microbiota and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The predictive value of these biomarkers in guiding clinical decision-making and optimizing immunotherapy outcomes is thoroughly discussed.

Cell-free supernatant of Clostridium leptum inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation.

Breast cancer has emerged as the leading cause of global cancer incidence, surpassing lung cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that probiotics exhibit inhibitory effect on breast cancer progression, highlighting the need to identify gut flora-derived probiotics with potential anti-breast cancer properties. Here, we investigated the effect of the cell-free supernatant of C.

Cytokine therapy of acute radiation syndrome.

Radiological accidents/incidents are common with nearly 400 reported since 1944 exposing about 3000 people to substantial doses of ionizing radiations with 127 deaths. Damage to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with resulting bone marrow failure is a common consequence of exposure to whole body acute high-dose and -dose-rate ionizing radiations and is termed hematopoietic-acute radiation syndrome, or H-ARS. Therapy of H-ARS includes transfusions, anti-bacterial and -viral drugs, molecularly-cloned hematopoietic growth factors and hematopoietic cell transplants.

CARs for lymphoma.

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has revolutionized treatment options for B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). CD19-targeting CAR-T cell therapy is approved for treatment in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma, Follicular Lymphoma, Mantle Cell Lymphoma, and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma. CAR-T cells demonstrate robust and durable responses even in heavily pretreated patients.

CAR assembly line: Taking CAR T-cell manufacturing to the next level.

The widespread adoption of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has been limited by complex, resource-intensive manufacturing processes. This review discusses the latest innovations aiming to improve and streamline CAR T-cell production across key steps like T-cell activation, genetic modification, expansion, and scaling. Promising techniques highlighted include generating CAR T cells from non-activated lymphocytes to retain a stem-like phenotype and function, non-viral gene transfer leveraging platforms like transposon and CRISPR, all-in-one fully automated bioreactors like the CliniMACS Prodigy and the Lonza Cocoon, rapid CAR T-cell manufacturing via abbreviating or eliminating ex vivo T-cell culture, implementing decentralized point-of-care automated manufacturing platforms, and optimizing centralized bioreactor infrastructure integrating end-to-end automation.

Online monitoring and stable isotope tracing of cancer associated volatiles in murine model captures tumor associated markers in vivo.

Background: The imperative need for early cancer detection, which is crucial for improved survival rates in many severe cancers such as lung cancer, remains challenging due to the lack of reliable early-diagnosis technologies and robust biomarkers. To address this gap, innovative screening platforms are essential to unveil the chemical signatures of lung cancer and its treatments. It is established that the oxidative tumor environment induces alterations in host metabolic processes and influences endogenous volatile synthesis.

Oncology: Brain asymmetries in language-relevant brain tumors.

Brain tumors are classified as rare diseases, with an annual occurrence of 300,000 cases and account for an annual loss of 241,000 lives, highlighting their devastating nature. Recent advancements in diagnosis and treatment have significantly improved the management and care of brain tumors. This chapter provides an overview of the common types of primary brain tumors affecting language functions-gliomas and meningiomas.

[Evaluation of Reproducibility in Left Breast Deep Inspiration Breath-hold Irradiation Using Quantitative Assessment Software].

Purpose: We developed software that can analyze central lung distance (CLD) and central skin distance (CSD) in deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) irradiation and verified the reproducibility of the DIBH irradiation method in our hospital.

Methods: CLD and CSD were analyzed using In-house software using cine images acquired during treatment; intra- or inter-fractional motion was calculated from the obtained data and compared with other reports using systematic error (ΔΣ) and random error (Δσ).

Results: The ΔΣ and Δσ were 1.

Shared Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Genetic Factors in Early Menarche and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Early age at menarche (early AAM) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are reproductive and metabolic disorders with overlapping pathophysiological and genetic features. Epidemiological studies suggest a link between these two conditions, both of which are characterized by dysregulation of the neuroendocrine pathways that control pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion, thus affecting gonadotropin release, particularly luteinizing hormone secretion. A common pathophysiology involving positive energy balance and abnormal metabolic status is evident in both disorders.

Fc-mediated immune stimulating, pro-inflammatory and antitumor effects of anti-HER2 IgE against HER2-expressing and trastuzumab-resistant tumors.

Background: Anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) IgG1-based antibody therapies significantly improve cancer prognosis, yet intrinsic or acquired resistance to fragment antigen-binding (Fab)-mediated direct effects commonly occurs. Most resistant tumors retain antigen expression and therefore remain potentially targetable with anti-HER2 therapies that promote immune-mediated responses. Tumor-antigen-specific IgE class antibodies can mediate powerful immune cell-mediated effects against different cancers and have been shown to activate IgE Fc receptor-expressing monocytes.

Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: A case report and literature review.

Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is a rare congenital clinical syndrome characterized by venous malformations in multiple organs, including the skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and lungs. In June 2022, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University admitted a rare case of BRBNS. The patient was hospitalized due to abdominal distension and a history of recurrent hematochezia.

Cancer incidence in male and female Canadian Armed Forces personnel and Veterans enrolled between 1976 and 2016: a retrospective population-based cohort study.

Objectives: To describe rates of overall and type-specific primary cancers in Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel and Veterans with a first enrolment in the CAF between 1976 and 2016, with comparisons to the Canadian general population (CGP).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study linked CAF administrative data to national cancer registries. Primary cancer diagnoses were ascertained from 1976 to 2017.

Spousal perceptions and their role in promoting breast cancer screening: a focus group study.

Objectives: To explore husbands' views on breast cancer screening, risk-based screening and their role in influencing their wives' health-seeking behaviours.

Design: Qualitative focus group discussion (FGD) supplemented by quantitative data from a cohort study using a structured questionnaire.

Setting: This study was conducted in a community-based setting, with participants recruited online through non-profit organisations via social media and email.

Association of occupational physical activity and sedentary behaviour with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study based on the Inpatient Clinico-Occupational Database of Rosai Hospital Group.

Objectives: While there is growing evidence that physical activity reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the impact of occupational physical activity and sedentary behaviour remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations between occupational physical activity and sedentary behaviour and HCC risk.

Design: Matched case-control study.

Wearable device-measured physical activity and incident cardiovascular disease in cancer survivors.

Objective: To explore the association of wearable device-measured moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in long-term cancer survivors.

Methods: This retrospective analysis involved a prospective cohort of 6109 cancer survivors without CVD from the UK Biobank accelerometry subsample. The MVPA volume is categorised into four groups based on guideline recommendations (0-75 min/week, 75-150 min/week, 150-300 min/week, ≥300 min/week).

Special Issue on CDS Failures: A Case Study: Optimizing CDS for Pediatric Oncology Trials by Transitioning from Interruptive to Passive Alerts.

Background: Many children with cancer are treated as part of interventional clinical trials. Ensuring that the correct chemotherapy treatment plan is used is paramount.

Objectives: The objectives of this report were to: (1) highlight the initial design of a clinical decision support (CDS) tool that was intended to help ensure the correct matching of research studies to research chemotherapy medications, (2) discuss the issues identified with the CDS tool, and (3) review the redesign of the tool that was done to overcome the issues identified.