Placental Hypoxia-Induced Ferroptosis Drives Vascular Damage in Preeclampsia.

Background: Iron is an essential micronutrient for cell survival and growth; however, excess of this metal drives ferroptosis. Although maternal iron imbalance and placental hypoxia are independent contributors to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, the mechanisms by which their interaction impinge on maternal and placental health remain elusive.

Methods: We used placentae from normotensive and preeclampsia pregnancy cohorts, human H9 embryonic stem cells differentiated into cytotrophoblast-like cells, and placenta-specific preeclamptic mice.

Stressors contributing to burnout among acute care and trauma surgery care teams: a systems-analysis approach.

Background: Burnout negatively impacts healthcare professionals' well-being, leading to an increased risk of human errors and patient harm. There are limited assessments of burnout and associated stressors among acute care and trauma surgery teams.

Methods: Acute care and trauma surgery team members at a US academic medical center were administered a survey that included a 2-item Maslach Burnout Inventory and 21 workplace stressors based on the National Academy of Medicine's systems model of clinician burnout and professional well-being.

Machine learning applications in placenta accreta spectrum disorders.

This review examines the emerging applications of machine learning (ML) and radiomics in the diagnosis and prediction of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders, addressing a significant challenge in obstetric care. It highlights recent advancements in ML algorithms and radiomic techniques that utilize medical imaging modalities like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound for effective classification and risk stratification of PAS. The review discusses the efficacy of various deep learning models, such as nnU-Net and DenseNet-PAS, which have demonstrated superior performance over traditional diagnostic methods through high AUC scores.

Maternal-fetal cytokine profiles in acute SARS-CoV-2 "breakthrough" infection after COVID-19 vaccination.

Objective: Vaccination is protective against severe COVID-19 disease, yet whether vaccination reduces COVID-19-associated inflammation in pregnancy has not been established. The objective of this study is to characterize maternal and cord cytokine profiles of acute SARS-CoV-2 "breakthrough" infection (BTI) after vaccination, compared with unvaccinated infection and uninfected controls.

Study Design: 66 pregnant individuals enrolled in the MGH COVID-19 biorepository (March 2020-April 2022) were included.

Advances in genetic diagnosis and therapy of hereditary heart disease: a bibliometric review from 2004 to 2024.

Hereditary heart disease (HHD) is a series of cardiac disorders associated with monogenic or polygenic abnormalities and is one of the leading causes of sudden death, particularly in young adults. The updated European Cardiology guideline for cardiomyopathies provides the first comprehensive summary of genotyping, imaging, and therapy recommendations for inherited cardiomyopathies, but still lacks a comprehensive discussion of research advances and future trends in genetic diagnosis and therapy of HHD. Our research aims to fill this gap.

Application value of multi-disciplinary collaborative diagnosis and treatment combined with CBL teaching model in gynecological oncology practice teaching.

Background: To explore the application value of multi-disciplinary collaborative diagnosis (MDT) and treatment combined with the case-based learning (CBL) teaching method based on real clinical cases in gynecological malignant tumor practice teaching.

Methods: A total of 120 clinical students who were interning in the Department of Gynecology in our hospital from January 2022 to June 2023 were selected and divided into a research group ( = 60) and a control group ( = 60) according to the random number table method. The research group adopted a MDT combined with the CBL teaching model, while the control group followed a traditional teaching model.

Mechanistic insight of curcumin: a potential pharmacological candidate for epilepsy.

Recurrent spontaneous seizures with an extended epileptic discharge are the hallmarks of epilepsy. At present, there are several available anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) in the market. Still no adequate treatment for epilepsy treatment is available.

THE IMPORTANCE OF EARLY DETECTING OF THYROID DYSFUNCTION DURING PREGNANCY AND ASSOCIATION WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS.

Objective: Thyroid dysfunction represents common disorder occurring very frequently among women of reproductive age, including pregnancy. The aim of this literature review was to determine in which way thyroid function during pregnancy is associated with GDM.

Design: We conducted review of the literature following the basic principles of literature search.

Altered Atlas of Exercise-Responsive MicroRNAs Revealing miR-29a-3p Attacks Armored and Cold Tumors and Boosts Anti-B7-H3 Therapy.

Increasing evidence has shown that physical exercise remarkably inhibits oncogenesis and progression of numerous cancers and exercise-responsive microRNAs (miRNAs) exert a marked role in exercise-mediated tumor suppression. In this research, expression and prognostic values of exercise-responsive miRNAs were examined in breast cancer (BRCA) and further pan-cancer types. In addition, multiple independent public and in-house cohorts, in vitro assays involving multiple, macrophages, fibroblasts, and tumor cells, and in vivo models were utilized to uncover the tumor-suppressive roles of miR-29a-3p in cancers.

Incidence of severe maternal outcomes following armed conflict in East Gojjam zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia: using the sub-Saharan Africa maternal near-miss criteria.

Background: Severe maternal outcome (SMO) encompasses women who survive life-threatening conditions either by chance or due to treatment quality, or who die. This concept assumes that severe maternal morbidity predicts mortality risk, enabling the analysis of risk factors for life-threatening outcomes and improving our understanding on the causes of maternal death. This study aims to determine the incidence of SMO and its leading causes in East Gojjam during a period of regional conflict.

Leveraging human centered design to enhance clinician communication during pregnancy care: Overcoming language barriers with Spanish-speaking patients.

Background: Engaging patients in quality improvement and innovation projects is increasingly important, yet challenges persist with involving patients who speak languages other than English. This article presents design activities our team used to engage Spanish-speaking patients and cultural brokers.

Objective: To develop a clinician communication tool to enhance patient trust in pregnancy care clinicians, especially among minoritized populations who face language and cultural barriers, using human-centered design (HCD).

Participants' satisfaction with social security is closely associated with their acceptance of vulnerable groups: a nationwide cross-sectional study in China.

Introduction: Social security, as a core component of the national welfare system, has consistently played a crucial role in ensuring the basic livelihood of citizens and promoting social equity and justice. Against this backdrop, this study explores the association between social security satisfaction and acceptance of vulnerable groups.

Methods: This study involved 9923 participants.

Principal investigator gender and clinical trial success: analysis of over 3000 obstetrics and gynecology trials.

Background: In obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) research, gender disparities permeate through leadership, funding, promotion, mentorship, publishing, compensation, and publicity. Few studies have investigated OBGYN clinical trial leadership as it relates to investigator gender. Thus, we undertook an investigation of principal investigator (PI) gender and clinical trial success.

C-type natriuretic peptide promotes human granulosa cell growth and estradiol production: Implications for early follicle development.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) on human granulosa cell growth and elucidate its regulatory mechanisms.

Methods: A human non-luteinizing granulosa cell line (HGrC) developed from small antral follicles was used to assess the impact of CNP on cell proliferation and estrogen synthesis. cGMP production via the guanylate cyclase domain of the CNP receptor, natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2), was confirmed.

Establishment of a 3D spheroid culture system to evaluate the responsiveness of uterine leiomyoma cells to female hormones.

Purpose: Uterine leiomyomas (ULMs) are classified into those with and without MED12 mutations (MED12m(+) and MED12m(-), respectively). This study was undertaken to establish a culture system to evaluate the effect of female hormones on the growth of ULM cells in each ULM subtype.

Methods: ULM cells isolated from MED12m(+) or MED12m(-) tissues were cultured in a monolayer for 7 days with four hormone treatments: estrogen (E) and progesterone (P) (E + P), E only (E), P only (P), and medium only (CTRL).

Polycystic ovary syndrome: Criteria, phenotypes, race and ethnicity.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrinopathy, which leads to ovulation dysfunction and infertility, as well as metabolic and mental disorders. Women with PCOS exhibit several characteristic symptoms, with marked heterogeneity across different races and ethnicities.

Methods: In this review, the author outlines the phenotypic disparities of PCOS among various racial and ethnic populations.

Embryologist staffing in assisted reproductive technology laboratories: An international comparative review.

Background: Embryologists are crucial in assisted reproductive technology (ART), yet their duties, education, and licensing requirements vary significantly across countries, complicating the determination of optimal staffing levels in ART laboratories. With anticipated advancements such as automation in ART laboratories, this review comprehensively analyzes factors necessary for appropriate future staffing.

Main Findings: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed to identify relevant articles up to July 2024, employing keywords such as "embryologist," "staffing," and "certification.

Association of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes Mellitus among Saudi pediatric patients; a hospital-based retrospective study.

Background: The association between 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and glycemic control in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between 25(OH)D levels and glycemic control in Saudi pediatric patients' with T1DM in a region that is sunny year-round.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the Pediatric Department of King Saud Hospital in Unaizah, Saudi Arabia.

Peritoneal chemotherapy delivery systems for ovarian cancer treatment: systematic review of animal models.

Introduction: Intraperitoneal chemotherapy for ovarian cancer treatment has controversial benefits as most methodologies are associated with significant morbidity. We carried out a systematic review to compare tumor response, measured by tumor weight and volume, between intraperitoneal chemotherapy delivered via drug delivery systems (DDSs) and free intraperitoneal chemotherapy in animal models of ovarian cancer. The secondary aim was to assess the toxicity of DDS-delivered chemotherapy, based on changes in animal body weight.

Prenatally suspected and clinically diagnosed congenital chloride diarrhea.

Congenital chloride diarrhea (CCD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting from mutations in the SLC26A3 gene, leading to significant electrolyte imbalances and watery diarrhea starting in the prenatal period. Although prenatal diagnosis is ideal, many cases are identified postnatally. This case report details an 18-year-old primigravid lady in her third trimester who presented with severe polyhydramnios and fetal bowel dilation observed via ultrasound.

Second Trimester Abortion: A Dilation and Evacuation Simulation for Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics Residents.

Introduction: The future of training in second trimester surgical abortions with dilation and evacuation (D&E) procedures faces ongoing legal and political scrutiny; thus, adjuncts to standard clinical experiences are exceedingly important. We sought to build medical trainees' surgical familiarity with D&Es using a realistic simulation model.

Methods: The simulation began with an instructional video reviewing accessible and affordable materials used to build the fetal model (vaginal swabs, styrofoam ball, and putty) and the uterine model (collapsible water bottle).

Exploring the effect of gestational diabetes mellitus on retinal vascular morphology by PKSEA-Net.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a temporary metabolic disorder in which small retinal vessels may have experience subtle changes before clinical lesions of the fundus retina appear. An innovative artificial intelligence image processing technology was applied to locate and analyze the small retinal vessel morphology and accurately evaluate the changes of the small retinal vessels in GDM patients and pregnant women with normal blood glucose and non-pregnant women with normal blood glucose.

Methods: The subjects were divided into three groups:GDM group, pregnant control group (PC), and normal control group (NC).

Hotspots and research trends of gut microbiome in polycystic ovary syndrome: a bibliometric analysis (2012-2023).

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological condition affecting individuals of reproductive age and is linked to the gut microbiome. This study aimed to identify the hotspots and research trends within the domain of the gut microbiome in PCOS through bibliometric analysis.

Methods: Utilizing bibliometric techniques, we examined the literature on the gut microbiome in PCOS from the Web of Science Core Collection spanning the period from 2012 to 2023.

Clinical efficacy of electrosurgery and steel scalpel surgery for umbilical herniorrhaphy in bovine calves: A comparative analysis.

Electrosurgery (ES) offers a promising alternative to conventional steel scalpel surgery (SSS), providing superior hemorrhage control and efficient tissue dissection with minimal invasiveness. Given the limited literature, this study aims to compare the clinical efficacy of ES with that of SSS in bovine umbilical herniorrhaphy. Fourteen crossbred male calves with reducible umbilical hernias, aged less than one month and weighing 25-47 kg, were randomly assigned to two experimental groups: group A (ES) and group B (SSS), each containing seven calves.