Safety of emergency endoscopic endonasal surgery in COVID-positive patients with hemorrhagic complications of pituitary region tumors: A case report and review of the literature.

Background: Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a rare, life-threatening clinical syndrome that occurs in response to acute ischemic infarction or hemorrhage of a pituitary adenoma. We report two cases of sudden neurologic and visual decline in patients with pituitary region masses in coronavirus disease (COVID)-positive patients with a focus on potential pathophysiological mechanisms and a safe approach to treatment.

Case Description: Case one is a 58-year-old male presenting with sudden-onset headache and visual disturbance.

Modern Sedation and Analgesia Strategies in Neurocritical Care.

Purpose Of Review: Patients with acute neurologic injury require a specialized approach to critical care, particularly with regard to sedation and analgesia. This article reviews the most recent advances in methodology, pharmacology, and best practices of sedation and analgesia for the neurocritical care population.

Recent Findings: In addition to established agents such as propofol and midazolam, dexmedetomidine and ketamine are two sedative agents that play an increasingly central role, as they have a favorable side effect profile on cerebral hemodynamics and rapid offset can facilitate repeated neurologic exams.