Neutrophils: Novel Contributors to Estrogen-Dependent Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture Via Neutrophil Extracellular Traps.

Background Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are more prevalent in women than men, and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage disproportionately affects postmenopausal women. These sex differences suggest estrogen protects against IA progression that can lead to rupture, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Although studies have demonstrated estrogen regulates inflammatory processes that contribute to IA pathogenesis, the role of neutrophils remains to be characterized.

Outcomes after endovascular mechanical thrombectomy for low compared to high National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS): A multicenter study.

Objective: The role of endovascular mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients presenting with "minor" stroke is uncertain. We aimed to compare outcomes after MT for ischemic stroke patients presenting with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) 5 and - within the low NIHSS cohort - identify predictors of a favorable outcome, mortality, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a prospectively maintained, international, multicenter database.

Mother's functional difficulty is affecting the child functioning: Findings from a nationally representative MICS 2019 cross-sectional survey in Bangladesh.

Background: Functional difficulties in children can be transmitted from mother to child, which is a major concern. We sought to determine whether there was a correlation between a mother's functional difficulty and functional difficulty in kids between the ages of 2-4 and 5-17. We also want to evaluate other fundamental aspects that influence on child's functionality.

Association Between Hospital Volumes and Clinical Outcomes for Patients With Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background Previous studies of patients with nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) suggest better outcomes at hospitals with higher case and procedural volumes, but the shape of the volume-outcome curve has not been defined. We sought to establish minimum volume criteria for SAH and aneurysm obliteration procedures that could be used for comprehensive stroke center certification. Methods and Results Data from 8512 discharges in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2010 to 2011 were analyzed using logistic regression models to evaluate the association between clinical outcomes (in-hospital mortality and the NIS-SAH Outcome Measure [NIS-SOM]) and measures of hospital annual case volume (nontraumatic SAH discharges, coiling, and clipping procedures).

Pediatric pathology all grown up - An interesting case of adult tethered spinal cord.

Background: Cervical myelopathy in an adult is typically the result of degenerative disease or trauma. Dysraphism is rarely the cause.

Case Description: The authors report the case of a 35-year-old male drywall installer who presented with 2 years of progressive left upper extremity weakness, numbness, and hand clumsiness.

Deep Brain Stimulation at Variable Frequency to Improve Motor Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease.

Introduction: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) with high frequency (HFS) is a well-established therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD); however, low frequency DBS (LFS) may control axial symptoms including freezing of gait (FOG). We conducted a pilot safety and feasibility study to examine if a novel DBS paradigm of variable frequency stimulation (VFS) that combined HFS and LFS would capture a broader set of motor symptoms.

Methods: Four PD patients with bilateral STN DBS and FOG were enrolled.

Ventral Intermediate Nucleus Versus Zona Incerta Region Deep Brain Stimulation in Essential Tremor.

Background: The ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) is the target of choice for Essential Tremor (ET) deep brain stimulation (DBS). Renewed interest in caudal zona incerta (cZI) stimulation for tremor control has recently emerged and some groups believe this approach may address long-term reduction of benefit seen with VIM-DBS.

Objectives: To compare clinical outcomes and DBS programming in the long-term between VIM and cZI neurostimulation in ET-DBS patients.

Deep Brain Stimulation in a Case of Mitochondrial Disease.

Background: DBS has proven to be an effective therapy for Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and primary dystonia. Mixed results have been reported in case series for other hyperkinetic disorders, and sparse data are available regarding secondary movement disorders. We report on the clinical effects of bilateral globus pallidus internus (GPi) DBS, a progressive mitochondrial cytopathy.

Extensions of the sphenoid sinus: a new classification.

Objective: The transsphenoidal approach has been extended in recent years from tumors of the sellar region to lesions involving other areas bordering the sphenoid sinus including the cavernous sinus, Meckel's cave, middle cranial fossa, planum sphenoidal, suprasellar region, and clivus. The goal of this study was to examine various pneumatized extensions of the sphenoid sinus that may facilitate extended approaches directed through the sinus.

Methods: The sphenoid sinus and its surrounding structures were examined in 18 cadaver heads, and the results were correlated with the findings from 100 computed tomography images of the sinus.