32 results match your criteria: "Department of Neurosurgery Stanford University[Affiliation]"

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a type of cerebrovascular disease characterized by occlusion of the distal end of the internal carotid artery and the formation of collateral blood vessels. Over the past 20 years, the landscape of research on MMD has significantly transformed. In this review, we provide insights into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions in MMD.

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  • The study aimed to find if lower contrast enhancement on postoperative MRI is linked to a higher chance of complications in patients undergoing nasoseptal flap (NSF) reconstruction after surgery.
  • It involved a review of patients who had an endoscopic endonasal approach with NSF reconstruction, assessing their MRIs for enhancement scores that indicate how well the flap is healing.
  • Results showed that patients with lower enhancement scores had significantly higher odds of complications, suggesting that MRI enhancement levels could help surgeons predict patient outcomes more effectively.
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  • This study looks at how to diagnose a serious brain problem called delayed cerebral ischemia that can happen after a type of brain bleed.
  • Researchers compared brain scans from patients with this problem to those without it to find signs that indicate vasospasm, a dangerous condition that narrows blood vessels.
  • They discovered that using a score called the Vasospasm Index Score along with specific brain blood flow measurements helps doctors reliably identify when vasospasm is occurring.
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New anabolic medications (abaloparatide and romosozumab) were recently approved for osteoporosis, and data suggest that prescribing antiresorptive medications after a course of anabolic medications offers better outcomes. This study aimed to characterize prescription trends, demographics, geographical distributions, out-of-pocket costs, and treatment sequences for anabolic and antiresorptive osteoporosis medications. Using a commercial claims database (Clinformatics Data Mart), adult patients with osteoporosis from 2003 to 2021 were retrospectively reviewed and stratified based on osteoporosis medication class.

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Background: Skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) is an infection of the central cranial bones, most commonly resulting from contiguous spread of infection from adjacent head and neck structures. SBO is a well-recognized complication of treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC) that results in significant morbidity.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of HNC patients diagnosed with SBO.

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The application of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in disease modeling and regenerative medicine can be limited by the prolonged times required for functional human neuronal differentiation and traditional 2D culture techniques. Here, a conductive graphene scaffold (CGS) to modulate mechanical and electrical signals to promote human iPSC-derived neurons is presented. The soft CGS with cortex-like stiffness (≈3 kPa) and electrical stimulation (±800 mV/100 Hz for 1 h) incurs a fivefold improvement in the rate (14d) of generating iPSC-derived neurons over some traditional protocols, with an increase in mature cellular markers and electrophysiological characteristics.

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Pediatric head injury is a common presenting complaint in the emergency department (ED), often requiring neuroimaging or ED observation for diagnosis. However, the traditional diagnostic neuroimaging modality, head computed tomography (CT), is associated with radiation exposure while prolonged ED observation impacts patient flow and resource utilization. Recent scientific literature supports abbreviated, or focused and shorter, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a feasible and accurate diagnostic alternative to CT for traumatic brain injury.

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Background: People with Parkinson's disease (PD) can develop multidomain cognitive impairments; however, it is unclear whether different pathologies underlie domain-specific cognitive dysfunction.

Objectives: We investigated the contribution of vascular copathology severity and location, as measured by MRI white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), to domain-specific cognitive impairment in PD.

Methods: We studied 85 PD (66.

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Cervical osteochondroma: surgical planning.

Spinal Cord Ser Cases

May 2020

Department of Neurological Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Orange County, 3460 E La Palma Ave, Anaheim, CA, 92806, USA.

Introduction: Osteochondromas are benign bone tumors which occur as solitary lesions or as part of the syndrome multiple hereditary exostoses. While most osteochondromas occur in the appendicular skeleton, they can also occur in the spine. Most lesions are asymptomatic however some may encroach on the spinal cord or the nerve roots causing neurological symptoms.

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common forms of liver disease worldwide and has emerged as a significant public health concern in China. A better understanding of the etiology of NAFLD can inform effective management strategies for this disease. We examined factors associated with NAFLD in two districts of Hangzhou, China, focusing on the relationship of regional body fat distribution, muscle mass, and NAFLD.

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Objective: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is often associated with memory deficits. Reactivation of memory traces in the hippocampus occurs during sharp-wave ripples (SWRs; 140-250 Hz). To better understand the mechanisms underlying high-frequency oscillations and cognitive comorbidities in epilepsy, we evaluated how rigorously identified deep CA1 pyramidal cells (dPCs) discharge during SWRs in control and TLE mice.

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Background: Asians and Hispanics currently have the highest incidence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States. The numbers of these minority populations are rapidly increasing, reshaping the demographic in the United States and particularly California, where approximately one-third of US Asians and Hispanics reside. With the changing demographic and rising incidence of HCC that has tripled during the past three decades, it is important to forecast the future burden of HCC by age, sex, and race/ethnicity to plan prevention and control strategies for HCC.

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Direct targeting of the mouse optic nerve for therapeutic delivery.

J Neurosci Methods

February 2019

Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Animal models of optic nerve injury are often used to study central nervous system (CNS) degeneration and regeneration, and targeting the optic nerve is a powerful approach for axon-protective or remyelination therapy. However, the experimental delivery of drugs or cells to the optic nerve is rarely performed because injections into this structure are difficult in small animals, especially in mice.

New Method: We investigated and developed methods to deliver drugs or cells to the mouse optic nerve through 3 different routes: a) intraorbital, b) through the optic foramen and c) transcranial.

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