Change of Heart: The Underexplored Role of Plaque Hemorrhage in the Evaluation of Stroke of Undetermined Etiology.

In the evaluation of embolic strokes of undetermined source, great emphasis is often placed on cardiovascular disease, namely on atrial fibrillation. Other pathophysiologic mechanisms, however, may also be involved. Carotid artery intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH)-the presence of blood components within an atheromatous plaque-has become increasingly recognized as a possible etiologic mechanism in some cryptogenic strokes.

Categorisation of patients based on immune profiles: a new approach to identifying candidates for response to checkpoint inhibitors.

Objectives: Inhibitors to the checkpoint proteins cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) are becoming widely used in cancer treatment. However, a lack of understanding of the patient response to treatment limits accurate identification of potential responders to immunotherapy.

Methods: In this study, we assessed the expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 on 19 leucocyte populations in the peripheral blood of 74 cancer patients.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 and the Cerebrovascular-Cardiovascular Systems: What Do We Know So Far?

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic of 2019 to 2020 has resulted in multiple hospitalizations, deaths, and economic hardships worldwide. Although respiratory involvement in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is well known, the potential cardiovascular and cerebrovascular manifestations are less understood. We performed a PubMed and Google Scholar search and reviewed relevant literature on COVID-19 and cardiovascular system involvement.