Safety, efficacy, and mechanism of action of the temporo-masseteric nerve block.

The objective of the study was to assess the utility and safety of Temporo-masseteric Nerve Block (TMNB), and to explore the mechanism for its apparent sustained pain relief. This manuscript describes, (1) a retrospective study evaluating pain reduction in patients who received the TMNB injection for the management of masticatory myogeneous pain (myalgia, per Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD criteria)), and (2) a motor nerve conduction study (NCS) of the temporalis and masseter, performed in the absence of signs or symptoms of TMD, before and after the TMNB injection. The results were as follows.

Occipital nerve block for headaches: a narrative review.

The occipital nerve block involves the injection of a local anesthetic and possibly a corticosteroid near the occipital nerves at the base of the skull and aims at providing relief from chronic headaches by temporarily numbing or reducing inflammation around the occipital nerves. It has proven to be efficacious in treating chronic headaches, especially those that are refractory to medication; it is both diagnostic and therapeutic with symptom abatement from weeks to months. Occipital nerve blocks can be utilized alone or with standard-of-care therapy for various other headache conditions, such as cluster headaches, episodic headaches or chronic migraines.

Distinguishing Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy From Mimic Disorders: The Role of Statistical Modeling.

Background And Aims: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is difficult to distinguish from mimicking disorders, with misdiagnosis resulting in IVIG overutilization. We evaluate a clinical-electrophysiological model to facilitate CIDP versus mimic neuropathy prediction.

Methods: Using the European Academy of Neurology/Peripheral Nerve Society (EAN/PNS) 2021 CIDP guidelines we derived 26 clinical and 144 nerve conduction variables.

Global and Regional Trends in Paediatric Neuroblastoma Incidence and Mortality, 1990-2021: An Inequality and Projection Analysis.

Background: Neuroblastoma stands as the most prevalent extracranial solid tumour in children, yet its epidemiological profile on global, regional, and national scales remains insufficiently explored.

Methods: Long-term trends in the incidence and mortality of paediatric neuroblastoma from 1990 to 2021 were analysed globally, regionally, and nationally using estimated annual percentage changes. Cross-national disparities in the burden of paediatric neuroblastoma were quantified through standard health equity methodologies, with projections of burden shifts extending to 2035.

An Intratumoral Phaeohyphomycotic Abscess in a Chemotherapy-Naive IDH-Mutant Glioma: A Mere Coincidence?

Phaeohyphomycotic agents causing central nervous system (CNS) infection is rare and is known to affect immunocompetent individuals. We present a patient with a CNS phaeohyphomycotic abscess that had developed within a temporal lobe glioma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed two months prior to the surgery showed only the presence of a neoplasm.

Locoregional anesthesia in patients with Brugada syndrome. A retrospective database analysis.

Background: The use of local anesthetics (LA) in individuals with Brugada syndrome (BrS) remains a subject of debate due to the lack of large-scale studies confirming their potential risks. This study primarily aimed to evaluate the incidence of new malignant arrhythmias or defibrillation events in patients diagnosed with BrS during the perioperative period, following the administration of local anesthetics, and within 30 days postoperatively. The secondary objective was to analyze the occurrence of adverse effects during hospitalization, as well as 30-day readmission and mortality rates.

Characteristics and recovery trends of severe TBI patients with a favorable functional outcome at 6-month follow-up.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a devastating cause of death and disability. Outcomes following TBI have been extensively studied; however, less attention has been given to identifying characteristics of individuals who have a favorable outcome following severe TBI. We conducted a retrospective analysis of a database containing information on TBI patients admitted to a level 1 trauma center between 2015 and 2021.

Identification of critical biomarkers and immune landscape patterns in glioma based on multi-database.

Purpose: Glioma is the most prevalent tumor of the central nervous system. The poor clinical outcomes and limited therapeutic efficacy underscore the urgent need for early diagnosis and an optimized prognostic approach for glioma. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify sensitive biomarkers for glioma.

TREM2 affects DAM-like cell transformation in the acute phase of TBI in mice by regulating microglial glycolysis.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by high mortality and disability rates. Disease-associated microglia (DAM) are a newly discovered subtype of microglia. However, their presence and function in the acute phase of TBI remain unclear.

Neuronal dynamics of cerebellum and medial prefrontal cortex in adaptive motor timing.

Precise temporal control of sensorimotor coordination and adaptation is a fundamental basis of animal behavior. How different brain regions are involved in regulating the flexible temporal adaptation remains elusive. Here, we investigated the neuronal dynamics of the cerebellar interposed nucleus (IpN) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neurons during temporal adaptation between delay eyeblink conditioning (DEC) and trace eyeblink conditioning (TEC).

Revisiting the oxygen reactivity index in traumatic brain injury: the complementary value of combined focal and global autoregulation monitoring.

Background: The oxygen reactivity index (ORx) reflects the correlation between focal brain tissue oxygen (pbtO) and the cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). Previous, small cohort studies were conflicting on whether ORx conveys cerebral autoregulatory information and if it is related to outcome in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Thus, we aimed to investigate these issues in a larger TBI cohort.

Comparison of the efficacy of repeated greater occipital nerve block and pulsed radiofrequency therapy in chronic migraine patients: a randomized controlled study.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of greater occipital nerve (GON) block and pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment in chronic migraine patients. Seventy patients admitted to the Neurology and Algology outpatient clinic between September 2023 and December 2023 and diagnosed with chronic migraine according to The International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd Edition (ICHD-3) criteria were included in the study. Patients were randomized into 2 groups to receive ultrasound-guided repeated GON block and PRF.

Comparison of Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Three-Column Lumbar Osteotomies with and without Interbody Cages for Adult Spinal Deformity.

Background Context: Correcting sagittal malalignment in adult spinal deformity (ASD) is a challenging task, often requiring complex surgical interventions like pedicle subtraction osteotomies (PSOs). Different types of three-column osteotomies (3COs), including Schwab 3, Schwab 4, Schwab 4 with interbody cages, and the "sandwich" technique, aim to optimize alignment and fusion outcomes. The role of interbody cages in enhancing fusion and segmental correction remains unclear.

Intranasal administration of stem cell-derived exosome alleviates cognitive impairment against subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Introduction: Brain damage caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) currently lacks effective treatment, leading to stagnation in the improvement of functional outcomes for decades. Recent studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of exosomes released from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which effectively attenuate neuronal apoptosis and inflammation in neurological diseases. Due to the challenge of systemic dilution associated with intravenous administration, intranasal delivery has emerged as a novel approach for targeting the brain.

Transoral C2 osteotomy for treatment of severe irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation after odontoid fracture: about 3 cases.

Objective: To report the outcomes of transoral C2 osteotomy (or partial odontoidectomy) and posterior fixation, regarding efficacy and safety, in patients with severe irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation (IAAD) following odontoid fracture.

Methods: Transoral C2 osteotomy, soft tissue resection, with or without facet joint release, followed by posterior fixation were performed on 3 patients (2012, 2016, 2023) who were suffering from severe IAAD after an odontoid fracture with spinal cord compression. The radiological and clinical outcomes were then assessed.

Novel oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Carcinogenesis, progression, and therapeutic targets.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the primary malignancy affecting the liver and the leading cause of mortality among individuals with cirrhosis. This complex disease is associated with various risk factors, including environmental, pathological, and genetic influences, which dysregulate gene expression crucial for the cell cycle and cellular/molecular pathways. The disruption of the balance between tumor suppressors and proto-oncogenes amplifies the pathogenic cascade.

Pre-surgical Embolization of Meningiomas: Analysis of Safety and Efficacy in a Mexican National Center And Proposal for a Classification of Preoperative Embolization of Meningiomas Based on Embolic Agent Penetration.

Introduction: Meningiomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumors, often requiring surgical resection. Presurgical embolization (PSE) is used to reduce intraoperative bleeding, although its effectiveness varies. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of PSE using ethyl-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) in meningioma surgeries.

3DSlicer Software-Assisted Neuroendoscopic Surgery Compared with Traditional Surgery on Surgical Effects, Complications, and Safety Evaluation in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the complications, effectiveness, and safety of neuroendoscopic surgery (NS) assisted by 3DSlicer software, compared to traditional surgery in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (IH).

Methods: We searched for case-control trials from the Chinese Biomedical Literature data (CBM) online database, Wanfang Database, EMBASE, VIP Full-text Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and PubMed. The studies, published since January 2010, involved NS or traditional surgery for IH patients assisted by 3DSlicer software.

Chronic traumatic brain injury induces neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and cognitive deficits in a T cell-dependent manner.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to chronic neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration associated with long-term cognitive deficits. Following TBI, the acute neuroinflammatory response involves microglial activation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines which induce the recruitment of peripheral immune cells such as monocytes and ultimately T cells. Persistent innate and adaptive immune cells response can lead to chronic neurodegeneration and functional deficits.

Comprehensive multi-omics, behavioral and morphological analysis of the hazards of nano-plastics in mice with internal carotid artery occlusion.

Accumulation of nanoplastics (NPs) poses a severe threat to the homeostasis of the internal environment in patients with chronic diseases. The effects of NP contamination on health in chronically ill populations must urgently be elucidated. In this study, NPs injected via the tail vein were distributed in the brain and internal organs in a mouse model of chronic internal carotid occlusion.

Perfusion-MRI for differentiating cerebral metastatic lesions and gliomas: An evidence-based review.

Background: Lesions affecting the brain are variable and have multiple pathologies. Brain metastasis is a common entity of lesions that can be misleading in diagnosis. Brain metastasis affects the patient's life and survival in about 40% of cases; all patients with metastatic brain lesions are indicated for surgery, so proper diagnosis is crucial for each patient.

Progression from outpatient referral to spinal surgery in an Australian cohort with degenerative spinal disease.

Background: Degenerative spine disease (DSD) encompasses a range of conditions with increasing prevalence and a significant burden of disease. Patients with DSD are often referred to a neurosurgery clinic with lengthy waiting times from referral to consultation. The reported proportion of referred patients who undergo spinal surgery varies from 20.

3D printed titanium banana interbody cages versus titanium-coated PEEK bullet cages for TLIF.

Introduction: Lumbar degenerative spinal disease is a common, major cause of pain and disability. Titanium and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) are popular materials for interbody implants although evidence is mixed on which material is superior in terms of fusion and subsidence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of 3D printed titanium (3DPT) cages in patients undergoing TLIFs, as well as complication profiles based on widely used outcome metrics and reoperation events.