Volumetry of Selected Brain Regions-Can We Compare MRI Examinations of Different Manufacturers and Field Strengths?

Purpose: Magnetic Resonance Imaging based brain segmentation and volumetry has become an important tool in clinical routine and research. However the impact of the used hardware is only barely investigated. This study aims to assess the influence of scanner manufacturer, field strength and head-coil on volumetry results.

Spinal cord injury in abusive and accidental head injury in children, a neuropathological investigation.

The diagnosis of abusive head trauma (AbHT) in children is a challenging one that needs to be differentiated from natural disease and accidental head injury (AcHT). There is increasing evidence from the Neuroradiology field showing spinal cord injury in children subject to AbHT, which has, so far, been poorly investigated pathologically. In this study we retrospectively reviewed the forensic records of 110 paediatric head injury cases over an eight-year-period.

Microstructural abnormalities of the dentato-rubro-thalamo-cortical tract in tremor dominant Parkinson's disease and essential tremor plus syndrome.

Purpose: The dentato-rubro-thalamo-cortical tract (DRTC) is considered to play a crucial role across tremor disorders including tremor dominant Parkinson's disease (TDPD) and essential tremor plus (ETP). This study aims to comprehensively evaluate microstructural integrity of the DRTC using single-compartment, i.e.

The cortical high-flow sign in oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted is correlated with histological cortical vascular density.

Background And Purpose: The cortical high-flow sign has been more commonly reported in oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted (ODG IDHm-codel) compared to diffuse glioma with IDH-wildtype or astrocytoma, IDH-mutant. Besides tumor types, higher grades of glioma might also contribute to the cortical high flow. Therefore, we investigated whether the histological cortical vascular density or CNS WHO grade was associated with the cortical high-flow sign in patients with ODG IDHm-codel.

Pipeline embolization device for aneurysm recurrence after stent-assisted coiling.

Objective: Since the emergence of the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED), its off-label use has significantly improved the treatment effectiveness of complex intracranial aneurysms, including the treatment of recurrent aneurysms. Although PED is effective in this situation, there is still a lack of evidence-based medicine for its role in recurrent aneurysms after stent-assisted coiling. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PED treatment for recurrent aneurysms after stent-assisted coiling.

The Impact of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among UK Women: An Obesity-Adjusted Analysis.

Introduction: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is known to elevate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but the extent to which obesity and IIH-specific factors contribute to this risk is not well understood. WE aim to separate the effects of obesity from IIH-specific factors on the risk of stroke and CVD, building on previous findings that indicate a two-fold increase in cardiovascular events in women with IIH compared to BMI-matched controls.

Methods: An obesity-adjusted risk analysis was conducted using Indirect Standardization based on data from a cohort study by Adderley et al.

Significant oligodendrocyte progenitor and microglial cell death is a feature of remyelination following toxin-induced experimental demyelination.

The extent to which glial cell turnover features in successful remyelination is unclear. In this study, the rat caudal cerebellar peduncle-ethidium bromide lesion model was used to profile oligodendroglial and microglial/macrophage cell death and proliferation dynamics over the course of repair. Lesioned and control tissue was co-labelled with antibody markers for cell identity, proliferation, and apoptosis (TUNEL assay), then imaged at full thickness using confocal microscopy and quantified using custom CellProfiler pipelines.

Case report: Atypical young case of MV1 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with unusually long survival.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, fatal, rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease resulting from an accumulation of misfolded prion proteins (PrP). CJD affects 1-2 new individuals per million each year, and the sporadic type accounts for 90% of those cases. Though the median age at onset and disease duration vary depending on the subtype of sporadic CJD (sCJD), the disease typically affects middle-aged to elderly individuals with a median survival of 4-6 months.

Assisted Parkinsonism Diagnosis Using Multimodal MRI-The Role of Clinical Insights.

Background: While automated methods for differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes based on MRI imaging have been introduced, their implementation in clinical practice still underlies considerable challenges.

Objective: To assess whether the performance of classifiers based on imaging derived biomarkers is improved with the addition of basic clinical information and to provide a practical solution to address the insecurity of classification results due to the uncertain clinical diagnosis they are based on.

Methods: Retro- and prospectively collected data from multimodal MRI and standardized clinical datasets of 229 patients with PD (n = 167), PSP (n = 44), or MSA (n = 18) underwent multinomial classification in a benchmark study comparing the performance of nine machine learning methods.

Safety and Efficacy of Thrombectomy for Distal Medium Vessel Occlusions of the Middle Cerebral Artery.

Purpose: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for distal medium vessel occlusions (DMVOs) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is less established than for large vessel occlusions. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of MT in DMVOs, comparing it with M1-segment occlusions.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 218 patients who underwent MT for isolated M1 (n=123) or distal M2+M3 (n=35) occlusions between January 2020 and August 2023.

Predictive coding in neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic transdiagnostic review.

The predictive coding framework postulates that the human brain continuously generates predictions about the environment, maximizing successes and minimizing failures based on prior experiences and beliefs. This PRISMA-compliant systematic review aims to comprehensively and transdiagnostically examine the differences in predictive coding between individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders and healthy controls. We included 72 case-control studies investigating predictive coding as the primary outcome and reporting behavioral, neuroimaging, or electrophysiological findings.

Perivascular enhancement pattern: Identification, Diagnostic spectrum and Practical approach - A pictorial review.

Perivascular spaces (PVS) are fluid-filled structures that form the immediate peripheral environment of small cerebral vessels. They are a central component of the glymphatic system, which plays a crucial role in maintaining cerebral homeostasis. Their involvement in central nervous system diseases is currently a major focus of research, particularly in neuroimaging.

Prediction of tissue and clinical thrombectomy outcome in acute ischaemic stroke using deep learning.

The advent of endovascular thrombectomy has significantly improved outcomes for stroke patients with intracranial large vessel occlusion, yet individual benefits can vary widely. As demand for thrombectomy rises and geographic disparities in stroke care access persist, there is a growing need for predictive models that quantify individual benefits. However, current imaging methods for estimating outcomes may not fully capture the dynamic nature of cerebral ischemia and lack a patient-specific assessment of thrombectomy benefits.

Incidence of optic nerve kinking in a cohort of patients with Normal tension glaucoma.

Objectives: To report on the incidence of optic nerve kinking in a series of patients diagnosed with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) compared to an age- and gender matched control group without known optic nerve diseases.

Subjects And Methods: All patients with NTG who underwent imaging (computed tomography cysternography (CTC) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) of the orbits and cranium between 2012 and 2022 were included, totalling 57 patients (27 females and 30 males; 57 eyes; mean age 69 ± 10 years). 57 age- and gender matched subjects without known optic nerve diseases who underwent MRI of the orbits and cranium served as controls.

Sex-specific anatomical variation of circle of Willis arteries.

Background: Anatomical variations in the circle of Willis (CoW) arteries are common and can affect hemodynamic stress, thereby influencing the risk of cerebrovascular pathology. Previous studies have suggested sex differences in CoW anatomy, but findings vary due to limited study population size and different measurement methods. This study aims to investigate sex differences in artery diameters, anatomical variants and bifurcation angles of the CoW using a large population cohort and semi-automatic measurements.

A deep learning approach versus expert clinician panel in the classification of posterior circulation infarction.

Background: Posterior circulation infarction (POCI) is common. Imaging techniques such as non-contrast-CT (NCCT) and diffusion-weighted-magnetic-resonance-imaging commonly fail to detect hyperacute POCI. Studies suggest expert inspection of Computed Tomography Perfusion (CTP) improves diagnosis of POCI.

The added value of b0-DWI analysis in the diagnosis of cavitating lacunes when T2-weighted spin-echo is unavailable.

Purpose: Silent brain infarcts, sometimes appearing as incidental lacunes in patients with unknown history of vascular event, are linked to dementia, gait disturbances and depression. We observed that some cavitating lacunes were only visible on b0-diffusion-weighted-imaging (b0-DWI: T2-weighted without diffusion gradients) when T2-weighted-spin-echo (T2-SE) was unavailable. We aimed to evaluate the additional value of b0-DWI in detecting cavitating lacunes.

Multidimensional fatigue and its impact on work productivity, mood and quality of life in long-term survivors following definitive intensity-modulated radiotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer: A cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Radiotherapy (RT) for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) can lead to late toxicity. Fatigue is a known debilitating issue for many cancer survivors, yet prevalence and severity of long-term fatigue in patients treated for OPC is unknown.

Method: As part of a mixed-methods study, fatigue in OPC patients ≥ 2 years post RT + / - chemotherapy was evaluated.

Machine learning-based assessment of morphometric abnormalities distinguishes bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder.

Introduction: Bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) have overlapping clinical presentations which may make it difficult for clinicians to distinguish them potentially resulting in misdiagnosis. This study combined structural MRI and machine learning techniques to determine whether regional morphological differences could distinguish patients with BD and MDD.

Methods: A total of 123 participants, including BD (n = 31), MDD (n = 48), and healthy controls (HC, n = 44), underwent high-resolution 3D T1-weighted imaging.

Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy in a Prospective Cohort of 52 Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Possible Critical Role of Age and Lesion Volume for Predicting Tremor Relapse.

Background: Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy of ventral intermediate (Vim) nucleus is useful to treat drug-resistant tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease (TdPD), but tremor relapse may occur. Predictors of relapse have been poorly investigated so far.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of clinico-demographic, procedural, and neuroradiological variables in determining clinical response, relapse, and adverse events (AEs) in TdPD after MRgFUS Vim-thalamotomy.

Comparison of 1D and 3D volume measurement techniques in NF2-associated vestibular schwannoma monitoring.

To compare 1D (linear) tumor volume calculations and classification systems with 3D-segmented volumetric analysis (SVA), focusing specifically on their effectiveness in the evaluation and management of NF2-associated vestibular schwannomas (VS). VS were clinically followed every 6 months with cranial, thin-sliced (< 3 mm) MRI. We retrospectively reviewed and used T1-weighted post-contrast enhanced (gadolinium) images for both SVA and linear measurements.

Middle meningeal artery embolization with surgical evacuation improves outcomes in chronic subdural hematoma: a multi-institutional and multinational database study.

Background: Middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) is emerging as a promising adjunctive treatment in patients with chronic subdural hematomas (cSDH). This study presents real world multicenter data comparing outcomes in cSDH patients undergoing surgical treatment alone or combined with MMAE.

Methods: This multi-institutional, multinational, retrospective, propensity-matched study utilized the TriNetX platform to compare outcomes in patients undergoing surgical evacuation and MMAE versus surgery alone for cSDH.

Endovascular electrocoagulation for the treatment of a basilar artery perforator aneurysm not accessible to the microcatheter.

Basilar artery perforator aneurysms (BAPAs) are rare and may be occult on initial imaging due to their small size and susceptibility to intermittent thrombosis.1 2 Conventional treatments for aneurysms (eg, clipping or coiling) have proved challenging.3 Recently, endovascular electrocoagulation has been shown to be effective for BAPAs.

Conformational Antibodies to Proteolipid Protein-1 and Its Peripheral Isoform DM20 in Patients With CNS Autoimmune Demyelinating Disorders.

Background And Objectives: Antibodies to proteolipid protein-1 (PLP1-IgG), a major central myelin protein also expressed in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) as the isoform DM20, have been previously identified mostly in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), with unclear clinical implications. However, most studies relied on nonconformational immunoassays and included few patients with non-MS CNS autoimmune demyelinating disorders (ADDs). We aimed to investigate conformational PLP1-IgG in the whole ADD spectrum.